- •English handbook for the third year students of the specialty «Land use planning and Cadastres» of the secondary specialized educational establishments
- •Астрахань 2013
- •Аннотация
- •Содержание
- •Unit I Lexical material. Common understanding of land use planning
- •The Individual and Society
- •Grammar:passive voice
- •Exercise 6.Remake the sentences using Passive Voice like shown in the example:
- •Lexical material.
- •Main Directions in Land Use Planning
- •Grammar: past and future perfect
- •Exercises
- •Unit II Lexical material. Concepts and theory of land planning
- •Rural and Agricultural Land Use Planning
- •Exercises
- •Unit III Lexical material. The essence of land use planning
- •Land Use Planning Activity
- •Two Types of Land Use Planning
- •Active Voice
- •Indefinite — reading
- •Passive Voice
- •Indefinite — being read
- •Exercises
- •Unit IV Lexical material Central idea of land use planning
- •Land Use Planning as an Instrument of the Technical Cooperation
- •Active voice
- •Passive voice
- •Exercises
- •Unit V Lexical material. Statement on land cadastre
- •What Is Land Cadastre
- •Exercises
- •Список используемой литературы:
Grammar:passive voice
В английском языке существует два залога - активный и пассивный.
Активный (действительный) залог (ActiveVoice) показывает, что лицо или предмет, выраженный подлежащим предложения, является исполнителем действия, которое выражено сказуемым.
EXAMPLE: She is listening to her favorite song. -Онаслушаетсвоюлюбимуюпесню.
Myparentstravelalot. -Мои родители много путешествуют.
Пассивный (страдательный) залог (PassiveVoice) широко употребляется в современном английском языке. Как правило, пассивные конструкции используются, если нет необходимости называть исполнителя действия, который подразумевается из контекста или же ясен из той или иной ситуации.
EXAMPLE: Her two brothers were killedin the war.
Двух ее братьев убило во время войны.
The letter has been sentthis morning.
Письмо было отправлено этим утром.
Форма пассивного залога в английском языке образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола beв нужной форме и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола (ParticipleII):
the Present Simple - is / am / are + Participle II
the Past Simple - was / were + Participle II
the Future Simple - will be +Participle II
the Present Perfect - have / has been + Participle II
the Past Perfect - had been + Participle II
the Future Perfect –will have been + Participle II
Лицо, производящее действие, выраженное глаголом в страдательном залоге, передается существительным в общем падеже или личным местоимением в объектном падеже с предлогом by:
EXAMPLE: Active Voice – We read a book.
Passive Voice – A book is read byus.
Предмет, производящий действие, выраженное глаголом в страдательном залоге, передается существительным в общем падеже с предлогом with:
EXAMPLE: Active Voice – Our sharp knife cuts bread well.
Passive Voice –Bread is cut withour sharp knife well.
В вопросительных предложениях первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.EX.Isthehomeworkdone?
В отрицательных предложениях отрицательная частица notстоит после первого вспомогательного глагола.EX.Thehomeworkwasnotdoneyesterday.
Exercise 1.Remake the sentences like it is shown in the example. Translate them.
Example: A telephone call woke me up. - I was woken up with a telephone call.
1. My father built this cottage. 2. Beginners use that computer. 3. Somebody is opening the window now. 4. We sold the last French textbook. 5. People all over Russia watch the 9 o'clock news. 6. The moonlight lit everything in the room. 7. Don't worry; we will settle your problems. 8. We have just sent for the doctor. 9. The Semenovs don't use this room very often. 10. Thomas Coryate brought forks from Italy to England. 11. He has just repaired his car. 12. Somebody addressed the letter to the wrong person. 13. The secretary is stilltyping the letter. 14. Mum cut the meat and chopped it. 15. Snow covered everything. 16. The police have been looking for him for a month! 17. He described his new flat to me. 18. Our chief offered me a day-off. 19. He pointed out the mistake to me. 20. They don't allow their children to go far from home.
Exercise 2.Use the correct form of the verb in Passive Voice. Translate the sentences.
1. You (advise) to wear sensible shoes in winter. 2. The time before bed (spend) very pleasantly. 3. Sniffer dogs (use) by police to detect drugs and explosives.4. Last night huge pine trees (uproot) by the storm.5. You (allow, not) to buy cigarettes if you are under sixteen. 6. Toyotas (manufacture) in Japan. 7. This road never (clean). 8. Gold (discover) in Eastern Canada. 9. When I saw him, he (chase) by a large dog. 10. Several towns (destroy) by the eruption of Vesuvius. 11. This coffee just (make), help yourself! 12. You ever (cheat)? You ever (make) a fool of? 13. The mirror (break) while it (move) into the hall. 14. - How the word "magazine" (pronounce)? - The stress should (put) on the third syllable. 15. The table (lay) now. You (serve) in a few minutes. 16. For months, the baby kangaroo (protect), (feed) and (teach) to survive by its mother. 17. We feel that we (watch) now by somebody. 18. These T-shirts (iron, not) yet. 19. Love stories always (sell) well. 20. Oranges and tangerines are very useful, besides, they (peel) perfectly. 21. I just (tell) that my house (knock down) next month. 22. My blouse (wash) badly so I put it into the washing-machine.
Exercise 3.Put the sentences into negative and interrogative form. Translate.
Example: Marmalade is made from oranges.
Marmalade is not made from oranges. Is marmalade made from oranges?
1. This town was built a century ago. 2. They were invited to a birthday party. 3. The message was just sent. 4. America was discovered long ago. 5. The book is still being published. 6. My neighbor’s motorcycle was stolen last night. 7. His winter boots were made in Germany. 8. The building was ruined by the flood. 9. Latin is spoken in Italy and on Malta. 10. I am sure some way out will be found. 11. When he came home, supper was being cooked.
Exercise 4.Open the brackets using the verbs in Present, Past, Future Simple. Translate.
1. Tea and coffee (to drink) every day. 2. The birthday card (to receive) last Saturday. 3. These packages (to send) to the USA next week. 4. Martha (to ask) at the History lesson yesterday. 5. These kinds of flowers usually (to plant) in early June. 6. Jessica (to invite) to a great party last weekend. 7. Hockey (to play) in winter time. 8. Jacksonville (to build) in 1924. 8. His article (to publish) in this magazine a year ago. 9. Grandma (to receive) a phone call from his old friend this morning. 10. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.
Exercise 5.Translate into English using:
Present Simple Active, Passive;
Past Simple Active, Passive;
Future Simple Active, Passive;
1. Она каждый день рассказывает ему смешные шутки. 2. Ему каждый день рассказывают смешные шутки. 3. Вчера я попросил у нее учебник по французскому. 4. Вчера меня попросили дать учебник по французскому. 5. Завтра я принесу новый диск. 6. Завтра мне принесут новый диск. 7. Ребенок каждый день показывает маме свои рисунки. 8. Маме каждый день показывают рисунки ее ребенка. 9. Прошлой зимой я научился кататься на коньках. 10. Прошлой зимой мой старший брат научил меня кататься на коньках. 11. Я сегодня вечером пойду в магазин и куплю новый телевизор. 12. Сегодня вечером родители купят мне новый телевизор. 13. Каждое утро я кормлю мою собаку. 14. Каждое утро мама кормит ребенка овсянкой. 15. Я дала ей пару журналов о моде. 16. Мне дали посмотреть пару журналов о моде. 17. Он поблагодарит его за помощь на сегодняшней вечеринке. 18. Его поблагодарят за помощь на сегодняшней вечеринке. 19. Я храню письма моих друзей в этой коробке. 20. Письмамоихдрузейхранятсявэтойкоробке.