- •Present perfect
- •Present Perfect form
- •Use 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
- •How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
- •Topic 1 Experience
- •Topic 2 Change Over Time
- •Topic 3 Accomplishments
- •Topic 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
- •Topic 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times
- •Time Expressions with Present Perfect
- •Use 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
- •Adverb placement
- •Active / passive
- •The Present Perfect The Formation of the Present Perfect
- •The Past Perfect The Formation of the Past Perfect
- •The Future Perfect The Formation of the Future Perfect
- •The Present Perfect Continuous The Formation of the Present Perfect Continuous
- •The Past Perfect Continuous The Formation of the Past Perfect Continuous
- •The Future Perfect The Formation of the Future Perfect Continuous
- •Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
- •Contractions
- •How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
- •1. An action that has just stopped or recently stopped
- •2. An action continuing up to now
- •For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Past Perfect - Use
- •1) Together with the Simple Past
- •2) The past equivalent of the Present Perfect
The Past Perfect Continuous The Formation of the Past Perfect Continuous
auxiliary verb had been + Participle I
(the past perfect tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb.)
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
I had been studying. He had been studying. She had been studying. It had been studying. We had been studying. You had been studying. They had been studying. |
Had I been studying? Had he been studying? Had she been studying? Had it been studying? Had we been studying? Had you been studying? Had they been studying? |
I had not been studying. He had not been studying. She had not been studying. It had not been studying. We had not been studying. You had not been studying. They had not been studying. |
The Past Perfect Continuous expresses an action which began before a given past moment and continued into it or up to it. Also the Past Perfect Continuous denotes an action which was in progress just before a given past moment and its effect tells on the past situation in some way. Key example: He said that he had been studying English for three years. For study:
They had been sailing for ten days when at last they saw land.
They said that they had been working in this laboratory since they graduated from the University.
The Future Perfect The Formation of the Future Perfect Continuous
auxiliary verb shall/will have been + Participle I
(the future perfect tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb.)
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
I shall have been studying. He will have been studying. She will have been studying. It will have been studying. We shall have been studying. You shall have been studying. They will have been studying. |
Shall I have been studying? Will he have been studying? Will she have been studying? Will it have been studying? Shall we have been studying? Shall you have been studying? Will they have been studying? |
I shall not have been studying. He will not have been studying. She will not have been studying. It will not have been studying. We shall not have been studying. You shall not have been studying. They shall not have been studying. |
(Verb Contractions: I shall = I’ll; he will = he’ll) This construction is used for an event that will still be in progress at a certain point in the future.
Key example: By the 1-st of June he will have been working here for 10 years. He will have been working in the garden for an hour before you come to help him
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
I have been singing |
How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is:
subject |
+ |
auxiliary verb |
+ |
auxiliary verb |
+ |
main verb |
|
|
have has |
|
been |
|
base + ing |
Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous tense:
|
subject |
auxiliary verb |
|
auxiliary verb |
main verb |
|
+ |
I |
have |
|
been |
waiting |
for one hour. |
+ |
You |
have |
|
been |
talking |
too much. |
- |
It |
has |
not |
been |
raining. |
|
- |
We |
have |
not |
been |
playing |
football. |
? |
Have |
you |
|
been |
seeing |
her? |
? |
Have |
they |
|
been |
doing |
their homework? |