1. How would you express the quotation in your own words?

Do you agree with the quotations? Why or why not?

“There is no better way to exercise the imagination than the study of the law. No artist ever interpreted nature as freely as a lawyer interprets the truth.”

Jean Giradoux, a French novelist & diplomat “The good lawyer is not the man who has an eye to every side and angle of contingency, and qualifies all his qualifications, but who throws himself on your part so heartily, that he can get you out of a scrape.” Ralph Waldo Emerson, an American

essayist, lecturer & poet “The leading rule for the lawyer, as for the man of every other calling, is diligence. Leave nothing for tomorrow which can be done to-day.” Abraham Lincoln, the 16^th President of the

United States “You cannot live without the lawyers, and certainly you cannot die without them.” Joseph H. Choate, an American lawyer and

diplomat “Only lawyers and painters can turn white to black.”

Japanese Proverb

“It is better to be a mouse in a cat's mouth than a man in a lawyer's hands.” Spanish Proverb

Section b Reading and speaking

Before you read:

2. Discuss your ideas as following:

• Why did you make up your mind to become a lawyer?

• Did anybody advise you to choose a career?

• What is the most attractive thing in the legal profession: salary, protection of society and individuals, prestige?

3. Learn the following words and expressions:

profession –професія

job –робота, посада

job title – назва посади

occupation – професія, сфера діяльності

position – положення, охоплювана посада

Legal professions in Ukraine, the usa and gb

Law is practiced in Ukraine by jurists, legal consultants, who were awarded Diploma after graduation from University, and attorneys at law. The Constitution of Ukraine determines that attorney's activity is performed in Ukraine to secure the right for protection against accusation and provide legal assistance while considering cases in courts and other state bodies in Ukraine. In this case, the Law “On the Bar” defines the Bar as a voluntary professional public association.

An attorney in Ukraine can be a person which has higher legal education, stated by the diploma of Ukraine, or in line with the international treaties of Ukraine diploma of a foreign country, the work experience in the field of law not less than two years, fluent in state language, has passed qualification exam, received in Ukraine Certificate entitling to run attorney at law activity, and taken the Oath of the attorney of Ukraine. The Law determines that the attorney cannot be a person that was convicted. At the same time the Law stipulates that the attorney cannot work in court, prosecutor's or state notary's office, bodies of internal affairs, security service, state administration bodies.

A lawyer is both an advisor and an advocate. As an advisor, a lawyer informs clients about legal matters or represents persons, businesses, and the government in such matters as contracts and commercial transactions. As an advocate, a lawyer acts for the client in court. A lawyer also advocates on behalf of clients in resolving disputes out of court.

Lawyers’ work can include defending or prosecuting those accused of committing a crime. Lawyers research legal issues, draft contracts, wills and other documents, counsel, mediate, and negotiate settlements. Some lawyers specialize in advising corporations working as in-house counsel. They also act for the company in court if a dispute arises. Usually, lawyers concentrate on a certain practice area: taxation or intellectual property, some practice public interest law, for example working to protect environment. Some lawyers may be appointed or elected to serve as judges. Judges preside in the courtroom. They resolve disputes and give the judgments. Lawyers also work for various government agencies and organizations. Legal careers also include teaching law and research.

There are law-related jobs for which law degree qualification is not required. These are clerks, court reporters and secretaries.

England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. The two kinds of lawyers are solicitors and barristers. If a person has a legal problem, he will go and see a solicitor. The solicitor deals with petty crimes, he prepares the case and the evidence. He can present cases in lower courts. The solicitor passed the Law Society Final examination. Then he must spend 2 years as an articled clerk, during this time his work is closely supervised by an experienced lawyer, and he must take further courses. The body regulating the conduct of solicitors is the Law Society. Among other things, it sets rules for lawyers’ accounting procedures and investigates complaints against lawyers by their clients. There is also a Solicitor’s Disciplinary Tribunal with the power to suspend or even disqualify a solicitor. Members of the public have the right to sue their solicitor. Barristers are different from solicitors. A barrister's main work is to provide representation in the courts, where they are referred to as counsel, to draft documents associated with court procedure, and to give opinions, that is, specialist legal advice. They are normally instructed by solicitors. Barristers passed the Bar Final examination. After that they must spend a similar year as a pupil. Barristers may not be sued for negligent services in the courtroom. One reason for this is the fear that almost anyone who lost a court case would try to sue his barrister.

In the USA you can find such legal professions as Private and Criminal detectives, FBI agents, Police officers, Customs officers, attorneys, judges, jury and sheriffs.

The lawyers in different countries perform the same four major functions: 1) counsel; 2) negotiate; 3) draft documents; and 4) litigate.