The present perfect

EXERCISE № 165. Spell Participle II of the following verbs. Then distribute the verbs according to the pronunciation of the suffix: [t], [d], [id].

Carry, travel, die, stop, stay, recite, permit, admit, miss, wish, waste, sip, regret, lie, drop, play, dance, brush, open, try, fix, kiss, like, wash, copy, pass, dress, point, gain, repair, want, switch, stress, look, match, refer, regulate, criticize, finish, study, help, express, clean, turn, do, wait, march, close, develop, prefer, stick.

EXERCISE № 166. Explain the use of the Present Perfect in the following sentences:

1. We have run out of gas!	1. a complete action connected with the present situation in its circumstances (result)
2. I have had a big breakfast this morning.	2. a complete action; the period of time is not over yet. It is still morning.
3. I have known him for ten years on and off.	3. an incomplete action that began in the past and continued into the present (with a stative verb)
4. I've watched the birds very carefully during the week.	4. an incomplete action that began in the past and continued into the present (with a dynamic verb of durative meaning)
5. I haven't driven for two months.	5. a negation of the action. Present Perfect is used instead of Present Perfect Continuous.
6. Have you ever milked a cow?	6. a complete action. The time is unimportant. The speaker is interested in the fact not the time.
7. I must be off as soon as I have had my lunch.	7. a future action completed before the definite moment in the future in an adverbial clause of time

EXERCISE № 167. Answer the questions. Use the model:

Model: Is she leaving school this year? - No, she has already left school.

1. Is Becky arriving today?	1. No, she has already arrived.
2. Is he leaving for Moscow tomorrow?	2. No, he has already left.
3. Are you going to buy new furniture?	3. No, we have already bought it.
4. Are you going to the circus tomorrow?	4. No, we have visited the circus today. / have been to the circus
5. Are you moving in?	5. No, we have already moved in.
6. When are they giving a party?	6. They have already given a party.
7. Are you going to read this book?	7. No, I have already read this book.
8. Are the children doing their homework?	8. No, They have already done the homework.

EXERCISE № 168. Finish the situations with a sentence in the Present Perfect.

1. I guess, now we can go for a walk. (stop raining) 2. I know this tune. (hear) 3. This recorder doesn't work. (break) 4. She is in bed. (catch a cold) 5. Mary is not at home. (go out) 6. I am not going to the cinema with you. (see the film) 7. I can give your book back. (finish reading it) 8. I can drive a car now. (pass the driving test) 9. I can't find my dictionary. (disappear) 10. You can't talk to Paula. (leave) 11. I am hungry. (have no lunch) 12. The coffee is too sweet. (put sugar)

EXERCISE № 169. Open the brackets and tell your partner what Jenny’s done in her life.

1. She …………….. (work) as a secretary and as a schoolteacher.

2. She …………….. (live) in Paris since 1991.

3. She …………….. (visit) Canada and the USA.

4. She …………….. (be) married for 4 years.

5. She …………….. (write) 4 books.

6. She …………….. (climb) Mont Blanc twice.

EXERCISE № 170. James is talking about his life. Open the brackets and use the Present Perfect. Then write a piece about your life.

I …………….. (see) a lot of beautiful places in my life, and I …………….. (do) a lot of interesting things. I …………….. (travel) in North and South America, for example. I …………….. (visit) all the big American cities. I …………….. (drive) across Mexico. I …………….. (not/be) to Argentina, but I …………….. (work) in Peru and Bolivia. I …………….. (stay) in expensive hotels and in very cheap hotels! I …………….. (swim) in the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. I …………….. (write) thousands of postcards to my friends and my family. I …………….. (eat) in the best restaurants in Paris, and I …………….. (sing) Italian songs in Rome. I …………….. (have) seven or eight holidays in Spain, and I …………….. (live) in Portugal. I …………….. (not/make) much money in my life, but I …………….. (meet) a lot of interesting people and I …………….. (take) a lot of wonderful photographs!

EXERCISE № 171. Robbie contacted his classmates through the Old Friends website. Whose experiences in the last few years are the most interesting?

During the last ten years, David ………… (have) ten different jobs: he ……… (work) in the import-export business, he ……… (be) an estate agent, and now he ………. (just/start) his own company which sells mobile phones – but he ………. (not/make) a £1 million yet.

Edward ……… (move) to the USA, where he now works designing computer games. His most popular game – Death Trap - ……….. (sell) over ten million copies, and it ………. (make) him very rich! He isn’t married, and in fact he ……… (never/have) a girlfriend, and he still spends most of his time playing computer games in his bedroom!

Lucy is an actress and a part-time waitress. In the last few years, she ……… (appear) in several plays and in a couple of TV commercials – but there ……… (be) no call from Hollywood yet!

Since leaving university with a brilliant degree, Kate …….. (work) for the WWF and other similar organizations, first as a volunteer and now as a manager. She …….. (just/have) her first baby.

In the last ten years Harry ……….. (be) married three times, and ………. (live) in Italy, Egypt, France and Australia. At present he is running a small restaurant on the Greek Island of Kos with his third wife, Helen.

EXERCISE № 172. Ask rhetoric questions according to the model. Then make up more sentences of the kind.

Model: How is a girl supposed to work if she has fallen in love? (J. Green, Jemima J)

1. woman / child / fall ill

2. student / lose textbook

3. man / buy a new car

4. person / fire a secretary

EXERCISE № 173. Read the short dialogue, make up more dialogues of the kind:

A: How's your day been?

B: Oh, just dandy as always, saw the sun for a few minutes this morning and have been happy ever since. (L. Weisberger, Everyone worth knowing)

• awful / lose the key / sad

• terrible / oversleep / absent-minded

• nice / meet a schoolfriend / nostalgic

• terrific / get good new / ecstatic

EXERCISE № 174. Imagine that you are talking to a friend you haven't seen for some time. Tell him/her the new about yourself and the people you both know. Let your friend begin in the following way: I haven't seen you for ages, what have you been up to?

1. I find a job, make friends, take up yoga / give up smoking

2. Little sister / pass exams / fall in love

3. Dad / retire

4. Mum / buy a car

5. Mike / get married

6. Lucy / get divorced

7. Jane / go abroad

EXERCISE № 175. We use the Present Perfect with never to share our achievements in life. We often use before in a never statement. So make statements with never.

Model: I have never played tennis.

1. Name a machine you’ve never used.

2. Name food you’ve never tried.

3. Name something you’ve never drunk.

4. Name a game you’ve never played.

5. Name a place you’ve never been to.

6. Name something you’ve never believed in.

7. Name something you’ve never worn.

Now write five sentences telling about things you’ve never done or places you’ve never been to but would like to.

• I’ve never flown in a helicopter, but I’d like to.

EXERCISE № 176. We use the Present Perfect with always to share our life experience, desires, hopes, etc. Make statements with always.

Model: I’ve always wanted to have a dog.

1. Name something you’ve always wanted to taste.

2. Name something you’ve always disliked.

3. Name something you’ve always believed in.

4. Name something you’ve always wanted to do.

5. Name some place you’ve always wanted to go to.

6. Name some celebrity you’ve always wanted to dine with.

7. Name something you’ve always wanted to get as a birthday present.

EXERCISE № 177. Finish the sentences:

1. I have always dreamt of …

2. I have always wanted...

3. I have always thought …

4. I have always known …

5. I have always wondered …

6. …has/have always been an important part of my life.

EXERCISE № 178. We use the Present Perfect with ever in questions to ask about someone’s life experience or achievements. Ask your partner questions with ever. Use the prompts.

Model: Have you ever sung karaoke?

• lose your gloves

• listen to an opera

• eat caviar

• meet Madonna in person

• jump with a parachute

• run a red light

• sleep for 24 hours

• copy in an exam

• give blood to the Red Cross

• go in a submarine

• cry during a film

• win a competition

• get lost

• lose a lot of money

• dream in colour

• be interviewed in the street

EXERCISE № 179. We use the Present Perfect with already and yet and just. Use already in statements and yet in negatives and questions (though sometimes already is used in questions to show great surprise and where you expect the answer “Yes”). We use just with the Present Perfect to talk about things that happened a short time before now. Notice that we put yet at the end of a negative statement or question.

Read Henry’s party-planning checklist. Write statements about the things that he has already done and the things that he hasn’t done yet.