Materials for self-checking:

1.      In which layer is found melanin? (1 point)

1)      Horny;

2)      Dermis;

3)      Granular layer;

4)      Stratum basale;*

5)      None of the above.

2.      Sweat glands are classified into:

1)      Anagen and Telogen;

2)      Eccrine and Apocrine;*

3)      Collagen and Apocrine;

4)      Collagen and Telogen.

3.      What basic elements are included in a horny layer?

1)      Nucleus;

2)      Keratogialin;

3)      Keratin;*

4)      Eleydin;

5)      Melanin.

4.      From what germinative zones develops an epidermis?

1)      Entoderm;

2)      Ectoderm;*

3)      Dorzal mesoderm;

4)      Ventral mezoderm;

5)      Interstitial mezodermy.

5.      The color of skin depends on:

1)      Of the thickness of horny layer;*

2)      Of the thickness of dermis;

3)      Of the amount of melanin;*

4)      Of occurrence of vessels in the skin;*

5)      Of occurrence of carotin in the skin.*

6.      Under radiation some cell of stratum basale were destroyed. What function of the last will weaken?

1)      Protective;

2)      Barrier;

3)      Dielectric;

4)      Regenerative;*

5)      Sucking.

7.      What types of pathohistological changes of skin are distinguished in the epidermis?

1)      Acanthosis;*

2)      Granulosis;*

3)      Spongiosis;*

4)      Papillomatosis;

5)      Acantolysis.*

8.      What basic elements are included in a basal layer?

1)      Nucleus;*

2)      Keratogialin;

3)      Keratin;

4)      Eleydin;

5)      Melanin.*

9.      Derma consists of:

1)      Fibrous substances;*

2)      Basic interstitial substance;*

3)      Cellular elements;*

4)      Granules of keratohyalin;

5)      Hypodermic fatty tissue.

10.  The arterial vessels of skin form:

1)      Deep hypodermic vascular plexus;

2)      Superficial vascular plexus;*

3)      Intradermal vascular plexus;

4)      Epidermal vascular plexus;

5)      Capillaries of papillae.*

11.  What cells produce a pigment melanin?

1)      Keratinocytes;

2)      Melanocytes;*

3)      Langerhans cells;

4)      Merkel cells;

5)      T-lymphocytes.

12.  What basic elements are included in granular layer?

1)      Nucleus;*

2)      Keratogialin;*

3)      Keratin;

4)      Eleydin;

5)      Melanin.

13.  Function of apocrine sweat glands:

1)      Begin to function from the moment of birth of child;

2)      The activity is linked with the period of pubescence;*

3)      Related to the nervous system;*

4)      Related to the endocrine system;*

5)      Related to the gender.

14.  The main function of the basal cell is:

1)      Synthesis of eleydin;

2)      Synthesis of keratin;

3)      Mitosis;*

4)      Secretion of a skin fat;

5)      Permanent desquamation.

15.  The dendritic cells with granules of deep-brown color in the cytoplasm are found in biopsy material of epidermis of patient’s skin. What are their name?

1)      Intradermal macrophages;

2)      Keratinocytes;

3)      Merkel cells;

4)      Melanocytes;*

5)      Lymphocytes.

16.  What basic elements are included in the prickle-cell layer?

1)      Nucleus;*

2)      Keratogialin;

3)      Keratin;

4)      Eleydin;

5)      Melanin.*

17.  To what type of glands belong sweat glands:

1)      Compound alveolar;

2)      Compound tubular;

3)      Simple tubular;*

4)      Simple alveolar;

5)      Compound tubuloalveolar.

18.  What layers are distinguished in the dermis?

1)      Basal;

2)      Papillary;*

3)      Vascular;

4)      Reticular;*

5)      Lucid.

19.  The blood vessels locate in:

1)      Epidermis;

2)      Epithelium;

3)      Papillary layer;*

4)      Reticular layer;*

5)      Hypoderm.*

20.  The trauma of skin has happened with the damage of the reticular layer. From which cells will be the regeneration of this layer?

1)      Macrophages;

2)      Melanoblasts;

3)      Lymphoblasts;

4)      Fibroblasts;*

5)      Neuroblasts.

21.  What basic elements are included in the lucid layer?

1)      Nucleus;

2)      Keratogialin;

3)      Keratin;

4)      Eleydin;*

5)      Melanin.

22.  To what type of glands belong sebaceous glands:

1)      Simple tubular unbranched;

2)      Simple alveolar branched;*

3)      Compound alveolar;

4)      Compound tubular;

5)      Compound tubuloalveolar.

23.  The basic cellular components of dermis are:

1)      Fibroblasts;*

2)      Fibrocytes;*

3)      Histiocytes;*

4)      Keratinocytes;

5)      Mastocytes.*

24.  What inflammatory pathohistological changes of skin are distinguished in the epidermis?

1)      Granulosis;

2)      Acanthosis;

3)      Acantolysis;

4)      Spongiosis;*

5)      Ballooning degeneration.*

25.  The most superficial layer of skin is:

1)      Dermis;

2)      Stratum corneum;*

3)      Stratum basale;

4)      Stratum spinosum;

5)      Stratum granulosum.

26.  What layer of skin can be found in thick skin, but can’t be found in thin?

1)      Stratum corneum;

2)      Stratum basale;

3)      Stratum granulosum;

4)      Stratum spinosum;

5)      Stratum lucidum.*

27.  A basic function of the skin is protection from:

1)      Abrasion;

2)      Ultraviolet light;

3)      Entry of microorganisms;

4)      Dehydration;

5)      All of these.*

28.  The layer of skin that is composed of dense connective tissue and has projections called papillae is the:

1)      Dermis;*

2)      Hypodermis;

3)      Stratum corneum;

4)      Stratum basale;

5)      Stratum lucidum.

29.  This layer contains loose connective tissue and has about half of the body's stored fat:

1)      Dermis;*

2)      Hypodermis;

3)      Stratum corneum;

4)      Stratum basale;

5)      Stratum lucidum.

30.  The specific layer that shapes the ridges for fingerprints and footprints is the:

1)      Hypodermis;

2)      Papillary layer of the dermis;*

3)      Reticular layer of the dermis;

4)      Underlying muscle layer;

5)      Superficial bony layer.

31.  The epidermis is nourished by diffusion from capillaries in the:

1)      Epidermis;

2)      Reticular layer of the dermis;

3)      Papillary layer of the dermis;*

4)      Hypodermis;

5)      Subcutaneous tissue.

32.  The outermost layer of the skin is the:

1)      Hypodermis;

2)      Subcutaneous layer;

3)      Epidermis;*

4)      Dermis;

5)      Subcutaneous tissue.

33.  All of the following are functions of the skin except:

1)      Protection;

2)      Vitamin B synthesis;*

3)      Temperature regulation;

4)      Sensation.

34.  The protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissue is:

1)      Melanin;

2)      Melatonin;

3)      Keratin;*

4)      Actin.

35.  The cells producing the pigment responsible for skin color are the:

1)      Keratinocytes;

2)      Melanocytes;*

3)      Adipocytes.

4)      Merkel cells.

36.  All of the following are accessory organs of the skin EXCEPT:

1)      Hair;

2)      Nails;

3)      Pain receptors;*

4)      Sweat glands.

37.  The bundle of smooth muscles associated with hair follicles is called:

1)      Orbicularis muscle;

2)      Sebaceous bundle;

3)      Arrector pili;*

4)      None of the above.

38.  The pH of the skin is around

1)      5.0;

2)      8.0;

3)      7.0;

4)      5.5.*

39.  Star shaped cells situated in the basal layer of the epidermis which are called melanocytes produce:

1)      Melatonin;

2)      Melanin;*

3)      Melanocyte stimulating hormone;

4)      Elastin.

40.  The sebaceous glands produce:

1)      The acid mantle;

2)      Sweat;

3)      Heat;

4)      Sebum.*

41.  The function of the erector pili is to:

1)      Constrict blood vessels;

2)      Dilate blood vessels;

3)      Make your hair grow;

4)      Raise the hairs when you are cold.*

42.  The basic elements of the immune system of skin are:

1)      Langerhans cells;*

2)      T-lymphocytes;*

3)      Keratinocytes;

4)      Merkel cells;

5)      Meissner’s corpuscles.