- •Навчальний посібник для студентів-технологів
- •Костянтинівка
- •Introduction то chemistry
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Match the English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents;
- •3. Match the Ukrainian word combinations with their English equivalents
- •From the history of chemistry
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions
- •6. Translate the words in the brackets into English:
- •7. Translate the text using a dictionary. Some facts about chemistry
- •D. I. Mendeleyev
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the passive constructions:
- •3. Open the brackets choosing the suitable word. Translate them.
- •Chemistry: key to progress and abundance
- •Vocabulary
- •Fields of chemistry
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •2.Answer the questions.
- •3.Fill in the gaps with suitable words given below.
- •4.Make up sentences out of these words.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •Symbols, formulas and equations
- •Vocabulary
- •Inorganic molecules and compounds
- •Vocabulary
- •Periodic law
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions.
- •True or false?
- •Найважливіші хімічні елементи
- •Rules of reading formulas and equations Правила читання хімічних формул
- •Приклади:
- •The periodic table of d.I. Mendeleyev
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Read and translate the text with vocabulary Joseph Priestley
- •Laboratory equipment
- •2.Learn the words and special term from the list.
- •Describe the functions of each piece of equipment. An experiment in the laboratory
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
- •3. Translate the sentences:
- •4. Make the questions to the sentences:
- •The molecular theory of matter and the states of matter
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Give English equivalents:
- •3. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
- •4. Translate the sentences:
- •Atomic structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
- •3. Give English equivalents:
- •8. Read and translate the text Molecules
- •Chemical and physical changes
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •Find the pairs of synonyms:
- •Find the pairs of antonyms:
- •4. Translate the following sentences, mind the Participles:
- •5. Open the brackets translating the Ukrainian words:
- •Nuclear fission
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Open the brackets choosing the suitable word and translate them into
- •4. Translate the text in writing
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •5. Read and translate the text The Temperature Scales
- •Exercises
- •1. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
- •2. Give English equivalents:
- •Liquids
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •1. Find Ukrainian equivalents:
- •2. Find English equivalents:
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Give synonyms:
- •3. Translate the following sentences:
- •Acids and bases
- •1. Extremely useful – надзвичайно корисні
- •2. Are common to all – загальні для всіх
- •3. Acetic acid - оцтова кислота
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Complete the sentences (use the text).
- •3. Characterize acids and bases using the following plan.
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Chlorine
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •Make up a description of any element you like. Hydrochloric acid
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Solutions
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the following sentences:
- •Nitrogen
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Silicon
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •Answer the questions
- •Cellulose
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions.
- •Analytical chemistry methods of analysis
- •Methods of separation
- •Ion exchange methods in analytical chemistry
- •Ionization
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Chromatography and ion exchange technique
- •Chromatography techniques
- •Gas analysis
- •Some physical methods used in gas analysis
- •Extraction
- •Precipitation
- •Electrolysis
- •Polymers
- •Notes and commentary
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •3. Match Russian word combinations with their English equivalents.
- •Retell text using questions from Ex. 1 as a plan.
- •5. Read, translate and do the tasks.
- •Some applications of polymers
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Read and translate the sentences. Correct the false statements.
- •2. Read the text, translate it in written form using dictionary.
- •The nature of polymeric materials
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •Find the pairs of synonyms:
- •Find the pairs of antonyms:
- •Choose the Ukrainian equivalents from the right column:
- •5. Translate the sentences
- •6. Open the brackets choosing the suitable verb:
- •7. Open the brackets choosing the correct form of the verb:
- •7. Translate the text in writing
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2.Translate the following word-combinations:
- •Translate into English:
- •4. Open the brackets translating the Ukrainian words into English:
- •5. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •6. Translate the text using a dictionary
- •Microbiological production of industrial chemicals
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian, mind the sentences of the predicate:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English, mind the use of the tenses:
- •4. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian
- •5. Translate from Ukrainian into English
- •The chemical elements essential to life
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find the pairs of synonyms:
- •Find the pairs of antonyms:
- •4. Translate paying attention to the meanings of the word “provide”
- •5. Open the brackets translating the Ukrainian words into English
- •6. Translate the text with a dictionary Hydrogen in industry
- •Plastics
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions.
- •Glass and glass products
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Translate into Ukrainian the following international words.
- •Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •Answer the questions.
- •The nature of ceramics
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the sentences:
- •7. Read and translate the texts
- •Ceramics
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Translate the following international words into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the questions.
- •What is ecology?
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the following sentences:
- •3. Translate the sentences:
- •The water problem
- •Pollution
- •Air pollution
- •Water pollution
- •Earth pollution
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the following word-combinations:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
- •4. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •5. Write the translation of the following text Lead
- •The environmental protection
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Match the words:
- •2. Translate the sentences into English:
- •3. Put 4 types of the questions to the sentences:
- •4. Translate the text
- •Radioactivity
- •Notes on the text
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •4. Read and translate the text The discovery of X-Rays and Radioactivity
- •5. Open the brackets and translate the sentence into Ukrainian:
- •Chernobyl nuclear power station
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Protection of the environment
- •Industry of ukraine
- •Chemical industry
- •Texts for reading glass
- •Glass history natural glasses
- •Early glasses
- •Blowing, (b) cutting and (c) flattening. Modern glasses soda-lime-silica glasses
- •Cutting and drilling of glass
- •Glass cutting principle (scribing, flexuring).
- •Applications of glass
- •Glazing
- •Containers
- •Optical glass
- •Glass fibres for insulation and reinforcement
- •Borate and related glasses
- •Window glass
- •Sheet wire glass
- •Stemalite
- •Hardened glass for ship’s port holes
- •Safety glass for ground transport
- •Slag glass-ceramic
- •Mechanics of Glass Processes
- •Batching
- •Melting
- •Float Process
- •Fusion Draw
- •Pressing
- •Fibre Process
- •Tensile Drawing
- •Centrifugal Drawing
- •Wool fibre drawing process
- •Types of glass
- •Glass industry of ukraine
- •Glossary
- •Reference list
- •Contents
Vocabulary
is never found free in nature не зустрічається у вільному стані в природі 2 1/2 times as heavy as air у 2 ½ рази важче за повітря to liquefy переходити в рідкий стан approximately приблизно to freeze (froze, frozen) замерзати, soluble розчинний to exert надавати bleaching and bactericidal action відбілюючи та бактерицидна дія hypochlorous acid хлорнуватиста кислота unstable нестійкий to destroy руйнувати to oxidize окислювати component складова частина, компонент |
to combine поєднуватися familiar знайомий to participate брати участь to appear з’являтися insecticide засіб для знищення комах sodium chloride кухонна сіль, хлористий натрій electrolytic cell електролітична ванна potassium chloride хлористий калій to subject піддавати caustic soda їдкий натр caustic potash їдке калі fused=molten розплавлений ranks in reactivity about with oxygen за своєю реактивністю майже не поступається кисню
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Exercises
1. Answer the questions.
In what state is chlorine found in nature?
2. At what temperature does chlorine liquefy?
3. Is chlorine easily soluble in water?
4. What action does chlorine exert in water?
5. What is the reactivity of chlorine?
6. What products are obtained when sodium chloride or potassium chloride solutions are subjected to electrolysis?
7. By what method is chlorine generally produced?
8. What products are produced if fused sodium chloride is used?
Make up a description of any element you like. Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid is a slightly yellow, highly corrosive and poisonous liquid. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas in water. Commercial, fuming hydrochloric acid contains 37 to 39% (thirty-seven to thirty-nine per cent) hydrogen chloride. Hydrochloric acid is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of substances, e.g. gelatin dyes, pharmaceuticals, etc. It is also used in cleaning metal parts, tanning and etching.
Hydrogen chloride is prepared by burning hydrogen in an atmosphere of chlorine or by the action of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) on common salt (NaCl).
2NaCl+H2SO4=Na2SO4+2HCl
This reaction takes place at high temperatures only and is used mainly in laboratory. For commercial production of hydrogen chloride the synthetic method is used, that is by burning hydrogen in an atmosphere of chlorine.
Vocabulary
hydrolic acid – соляна кислота slightly - злегка corrosive – корозійний, їдкий poisonous - отруйний to dissolve - розчиняти hydrogen chloride gas – хлористий водень commercial fuming acid – промислова димляча кислота |
manufacture - виробництво variety – різноманітність, безліч gelatin dyes – желатинові барвники pharmaceuticals – лікарські препарати tanning - дублення etching - травлення burning - горіння common salt – кухонна сіль |