
- •Навчальний посібник для студентів-технологів
- •Костянтинівка
- •Introduction то chemistry
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Match the English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents;
- •3. Match the Ukrainian word combinations with their English equivalents
- •From the history of chemistry
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions
- •6. Translate the words in the brackets into English:
- •7. Translate the text using a dictionary. Some facts about chemistry
- •D. I. Mendeleyev
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the passive constructions:
- •3. Open the brackets choosing the suitable word. Translate them.
- •Chemistry: key to progress and abundance
- •Vocabulary
- •Fields of chemistry
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •2.Answer the questions.
- •3.Fill in the gaps with suitable words given below.
- •4.Make up sentences out of these words.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •Symbols, formulas and equations
- •Vocabulary
- •Inorganic molecules and compounds
- •Vocabulary
- •Periodic law
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions.
- •True or false?
- •Найважливіші хімічні елементи
- •Rules of reading formulas and equations Правила читання хімічних формул
- •Приклади:
- •The periodic table of d.I. Mendeleyev
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Read and translate the text with vocabulary Joseph Priestley
- •Laboratory equipment
- •2.Learn the words and special term from the list.
- •Describe the functions of each piece of equipment. An experiment in the laboratory
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
- •3. Translate the sentences:
- •4. Make the questions to the sentences:
- •The molecular theory of matter and the states of matter
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Give English equivalents:
- •3. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
- •4. Translate the sentences:
- •Atomic structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
- •3. Give English equivalents:
- •8. Read and translate the text Molecules
- •Chemical and physical changes
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •Find the pairs of synonyms:
- •Find the pairs of antonyms:
- •4. Translate the following sentences, mind the Participles:
- •5. Open the brackets translating the Ukrainian words:
- •Nuclear fission
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Open the brackets choosing the suitable word and translate them into
- •4. Translate the text in writing
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •5. Read and translate the text The Temperature Scales
- •Exercises
- •1. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
- •2. Give English equivalents:
- •Liquids
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •1. Find Ukrainian equivalents:
- •2. Find English equivalents:
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Give synonyms:
- •3. Translate the following sentences:
- •Acids and bases
- •1. Extremely useful – надзвичайно корисні
- •2. Are common to all – загальні для всіх
- •3. Acetic acid - оцтова кислота
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Complete the sentences (use the text).
- •3. Characterize acids and bases using the following plan.
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Chlorine
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •Make up a description of any element you like. Hydrochloric acid
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Solutions
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the following sentences:
- •Nitrogen
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Silicon
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •Answer the questions
- •Cellulose
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions.
- •Analytical chemistry methods of analysis
- •Methods of separation
- •Ion exchange methods in analytical chemistry
- •Ionization
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Chromatography and ion exchange technique
- •Chromatography techniques
- •Gas analysis
- •Some physical methods used in gas analysis
- •Extraction
- •Precipitation
- •Electrolysis
- •Polymers
- •Notes and commentary
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •3. Match Russian word combinations with their English equivalents.
- •Retell text using questions from Ex. 1 as a plan.
- •5. Read, translate and do the tasks.
- •Some applications of polymers
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Read and translate the sentences. Correct the false statements.
- •2. Read the text, translate it in written form using dictionary.
- •The nature of polymeric materials
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •Find the pairs of synonyms:
- •Find the pairs of antonyms:
- •Choose the Ukrainian equivalents from the right column:
- •5. Translate the sentences
- •6. Open the brackets choosing the suitable verb:
- •7. Open the brackets choosing the correct form of the verb:
- •7. Translate the text in writing
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2.Translate the following word-combinations:
- •Translate into English:
- •4. Open the brackets translating the Ukrainian words into English:
- •5. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •6. Translate the text using a dictionary
- •Microbiological production of industrial chemicals
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian, mind the sentences of the predicate:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English, mind the use of the tenses:
- •4. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian
- •5. Translate from Ukrainian into English
- •The chemical elements essential to life
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find the pairs of synonyms:
- •Find the pairs of antonyms:
- •4. Translate paying attention to the meanings of the word “provide”
- •5. Open the brackets translating the Ukrainian words into English
- •6. Translate the text with a dictionary Hydrogen in industry
- •Plastics
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions.
- •Glass and glass products
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Translate into Ukrainian the following international words.
- •Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •Answer the questions.
- •The nature of ceramics
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the sentences:
- •7. Read and translate the texts
- •Ceramics
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Translate the following international words into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the questions.
- •What is ecology?
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the following sentences:
- •3. Translate the sentences:
- •The water problem
- •Pollution
- •Air pollution
- •Water pollution
- •Earth pollution
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Translate the following word-combinations:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
- •4. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •5. Write the translation of the following text Lead
- •The environmental protection
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Match the words:
- •2. Translate the sentences into English:
- •3. Put 4 types of the questions to the sentences:
- •4. Translate the text
- •Radioactivity
- •Notes on the text
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •4. Read and translate the text The discovery of X-Rays and Radioactivity
- •5. Open the brackets and translate the sentence into Ukrainian:
- •Chernobyl nuclear power station
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Protection of the environment
- •Industry of ukraine
- •Chemical industry
- •Texts for reading glass
- •Glass history natural glasses
- •Early glasses
- •Blowing, (b) cutting and (c) flattening. Modern glasses soda-lime-silica glasses
- •Cutting and drilling of glass
- •Glass cutting principle (scribing, flexuring).
- •Applications of glass
- •Glazing
- •Containers
- •Optical glass
- •Glass fibres for insulation and reinforcement
- •Borate and related glasses
- •Window glass
- •Sheet wire glass
- •Stemalite
- •Hardened glass for ship’s port holes
- •Safety glass for ground transport
- •Slag glass-ceramic
- •Mechanics of Glass Processes
- •Batching
- •Melting
- •Float Process
- •Fusion Draw
- •Pressing
- •Fibre Process
- •Tensile Drawing
- •Centrifugal Drawing
- •Wool fibre drawing process
- •Types of glass
- •Glass industry of ukraine
- •Glossary
- •Reference list
- •Contents
Найважливіші хімічні елементи
Al — aluminium алюміній Ag — argentum срібло Ar — argon аргон As — arsenic миш'як Au — aurum = gold золото B — boron бор Ba — barium барій Be — berillium берилій Bi — bismuth вісмут Br — bromine бром C —carbon вуглеводень Ca — calcium кальцій Ce — cerium церій Cd — cadmium кадмій Cl — chlorine хлор Co —cobalt кобальт Cr — chromium хром Cs —caesium цезій Cu — copper мідь F — fluorine фтор Fe — ferrum = iron залізо Ge — germanium германій H — hydrogen водень He — helium гелій Hg — hydrargyrum = mercury ртуть J —iodine йод Ir — iridium іридій K — kalium = potassium калій |
Li —lithium літій Mg —magnesium магній Mn — manganese марганець Mo — molybdenum молібден N — nitrogen азот Na — natrium = sodium натрій Ne — neon неон Ni —nickel никель O — oxygen кисень P — phosphorus фосфор Pb — plumbum = lead свинець Pt —platinum платина Ra —radium радій Rb —rubidium рубідій S — sulphur cіpкa Sb —antimony сурьма Se —selenium селен Si — silicon кремній Sn — stannum = tin олово Sr — strontium стронцій Te — tellurium теллур Th — thorium торій Ti —titanium титан U —uranium уран W —wolfram = tungsten вольфрам Zn —zinc цинк Zr — zirconium цирконій
|
Rules of reading formulas and equations Правила читання хімічних формул
Букви латинського алфавіту, що позначають назву елементів, читаються згідно англійським назвам букв алфавіту.
Знак + читається plus, and, together, with, react with.
Знак – позначає один зв'язок або одиницю спорідненості і не читається.
Знак = читається give, form или produce.
Знак → читається give, pass over to lead to.
Знак ↔ читається forms and is formed from.
Цифра перед назвою елемента позначає кількість молекул.
Приклади:
C + O2 → CO2
1 atom of carbon reacts with 1 two-atom molecule of oxygen and produces 1 molecule of carbon dioxide.
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Two molecules of H two plus O two give two molecules of H two O.
або two two-atom molecules of hydrogen react with 1 two-atom molecule of oxygen and produce two molecules of water.
N2 + 3H2 ↔ 2NH3
N two plus three molecules of H two form and are formed from two molecules of NH three
або 1 two-atom molecule of nitrogen plus three two-atom molecules of hydrogen form and are formed from two molecules of ammonia.
Na2CO3 + CaSO4 → Na2SO4 + CaCO3
Na two CO three plus CaSO four form Na two SO four plus CaCO three
або the sodium (Na) and the calcium (Ca) switch places. The sodium combines with the sulphate radical (SO4), forming sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) which dissolves in water. The calcium combines with the carbonate radical (CO3), forming calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Calcium carbonate does not dissolve in water, and so settles to the bottom of the solution.
Write in words chemical formulas:
1) H2S +CuSO4 →H2SO4 + CuS
2) 2H2S +3O2 →2SO2 +2H2O
3) H2S +I2 →2HI +S
4) H2S +4Cl2+4H2O →H2SO4+8 HCl
5) NaCl +H2SO4 →NaHSO4 +HCl
6) 4HCl +MnO2→MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O
7) 2Fe +3Cl2→ 2FeCl3
8) Sn +2Cl2→SnCl4
9) Si +2Cl2→ SiCl4
10) 2P +5Cl2 →2PCl5
11) H3PO4 +2 NaOH →Na2HPO4 +2H2O
12) Cu +4HNO3→Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2+ 2H2O
13) Na2SiO3 +H2SO4→ Na2SO4 +H2SiO3
14) ZnO + 2HCl →ZnCl2 +H2O
15) Al2O3 +2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 +H2O
16) Na2SO3 +H2SO4→ Na2SO4 +H2O +SO2
17) 2H2SO4 +Hg → HgSO4 + SO2 +2H2O
18) NH4OH = NH3 +H2O
19) 2NO2+ 2KOH → KNO2 +KNO3 +H2O
20) CaF2 +H2SO4→ CaSO4 +2HF
21) 4HF+ SiO2 →2H2O +SiF4
22) SiF4+ 2HF → H2SiF6
23) CaCO3 →CaO + CO2
24) Na2CO3+2HCl→2NaCl +H2O +CO2
25) Na2SiO3 + 2CH3COOH→2CH3 +COONa +H2SiO3
26) Zn+2HCl→ ZnCl2 +H2
27) Fe +H2SO4 → FeSO4 +H2
28) 2Al +6H2O → 2Al(OH)3 +H2
29) Al+3H2O→ Al(OH)3 +3H2
30) Fe2O3+ 6HCl → 2FeCl3+3H2O
31) CdSO4+ Zn→ZnSO4 +Cd
32) MoO3 + 3H2→ Mo+3H2O
33) Cr2O3+ 2Al→ 2Cr +Al2O3
34) 2ZnS+ 3O2→2ZnO+ 2SO2
35) TiCl4 +2Mg→ Ti+MgCl2
36) V2O5 + 5Ca→ 2V+ 5CaO
37) 2KBr + Cl2→ 2KCl +Br2
38) CaC2 +2H2O→ Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
39) PbS+ 4O3→ PbSO4+ 4 O2
40) K2CO3 + Ba(OH)2→ BaCO3+ 2KOH
41) 5H2S+ 2KMnO4+3H2SO4→ 5S+2MnSO4+ K2SO4+ 8H2O
42)2KI+ Cl2→ 2Cl+ I2
43)4HCl+ MnO2→ MnCl2+ Cl2+2H2O
44) C2H6+ Cl2→ C2H5Cl+HCl
45) CuSO4+ 5H2O→ CuSO4+ 5H2O
46) AgNO3+ KI→ KNO3+ AgI
47) Ca3(PO4)2 +2H2SO4→ 2CaSO4+ Ca(H2PO4)2
48) 2KBr +Cl2→ 2KCl+Br2
49) Fe + CuSO4→ FeSO4+Cu
50) Fe+H2SO4→ FeSO4+H2