Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
English Grammar Guide (1).doc
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
01.07.2025
Размер:
1.13 Mб
Скачать
  • 2.75 – two point seventy-five

  • 0.35 (.35) – Nought point three five/o point three five/ point three five

  • 21.05 – two five (twenty-five) point nought (o) five

Чтение дат:

  • November 19, 1991 – the nineteenth of November nineteen ninety one (November the nineteenth nineteen ninety one)

Чтение номеров телефонов:

  • 226-45-37 – double two(twenty-two)-six-forty-five-thirty-seven

Обозначение времени суток:

  • 11 A.M. – eleven A.M. ['ei'em]

  • 9 P.M. – nine P.M. ['pi'em]

Для обозначения номеров домов, квартир, комнат, автобусов, рейсов самолётов, глав и страниц книг и т.Д. Обычно употребляются количественные числительные:

  • Flight 220, Bus 17, Room 234, page 6

Артикль перед существительным в этом случае отсутствует.

Грамматические свойства числительных

  1. Числительные в английском языке являются неизменяемыми словами:

  • three thousand kilometres, two chairs, between two trees

  1. Как количественные, так и порядковые числительные ипредложении обычно выполняют роль определения к существительному:

  • We live on the second floor.

  • She is twenty years old.

  1. Если существительное определяется количественным числительным, то артикль перед существительным в этом случае отсутствует; если порядковым – то существительное в этом случае обычно имеет определённый артикль, который ставится перед порядковым числительным:

  • They managed to cover sixty miles in five hours.

  • We are happy to live in the twenty-first century.

The adverb

Наречие выражает признаки действия или обстоятельства, при которых происходит действие. В предложениях наречия выступают в роли обстоятельств (места, времени, образа действия).

  • I was there yesterday. Я был там вчера.

Наречия неопределенного времени, такие как always, usually, already, neither и др., как правило, ставятся в предложении перед смысловым глаголом, но после глаголов to be, to have:

  • I usually get up at seven o'clock.

  • I have never seen him.

Наречия подразделяются на простые и производные. К простым наречиям относятся односложные наречия типа: how, there, here, then, soon.

Производные наречия образуются путем прибавления суффикса -ly к прилагательным, существительным, и т.д..

Например:

  • slow - slowly;

  • bad - badly;

  • day - daily

Имеются также составные наречия, которые образуются из двух слов: somewhere, sometimes, anyhow, anywhere, somewhat.

Некоторые наречия не отличаются по форме от прилагательных. К ним относятся: fast, long, far, little, much, early, late, straight, а также daily, weekly, monthly, friendly и др., образованные от существительных с помощью суффикса -ly. Такие наречия можно отличить только по той роли, которую они выполняют в предложении.

Наречия в предложении определяют глаголы, прилагательные или другие наречия; прилагательные же определяют только существительные.

Наречия

Прилагательные:

She didn't stay long.

She was wearing a long dress.

He worked much at his English.

There was much snow last winter.

The postman brings letters and telegrams to our office daily.

This is a daily newspaper

Некоторые наречия, например, late, near имеют две формы: одну - совпадающую с соответствующим прилагательным, другую - образованную с помощью суффикса -ly; причем обе формы имеют разные значения:

He lives quite near (близко).

It is nearly (почти) 9 o'clock.

I went to bed late (поздно) at night.

I have seen him lately (недавно).

Наречия образуют степени сравнения по тем же правилам, что и прилагательные. Перед наречием в превосходной степени определенный артикль не употребляется.

  • soon - sooner - soonest

  • badly - worse - worst

  • brightly - more brightly - most brightly

Некоторые наречия образуют степени сравнения не по общим правилам:

  • well - better - best

  • badly - worse - worst

  • much - more - most

  • little - less - least

  • far - farther - farthest

further - furthest

Exercise 1. Choose the correct variant of the two in brackets.

1.I opened the door (slow/slowly).

2.Why are you (angry/angrily)? I haven't done anything.

3.Bill is a (careful/carefully) driver. He drives (careful/carefully).

4.Can you please repeat that (slow/slowly)?

5.Come on, George! Why are you always so (slow/slowly)?

6.The party was very (good/well). I enjoyed it very much.

7.Tom didn't do very (good/well) at his examination.

8.Jane is studying (hard/hardly) for her examinations.

9."Where's Diana? "- "She was here, but she left (sudden/suddenly)".

10.I met him a long time ago, so I don't remember him very (good/well).

11.My brother is not very (good/well) at the moment.

12.Don't eat your dinner so (quick/quickly). It's not good for you.

13.Those oranges look (nice/nicely). Can I have one?

14.I don't want to work for that company. They pay their workers very (bad/badly).

15.Please be (quiet/quietly). I'm reading.

Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with the adverb 'enough' (достаточно) or the expressions 'too much/too many' (более, чем достаточно).

1.You're very thin. You don't eat .... .

2.I don't like the weather here. There's .... rain.

3.I can't wait for them. I haven't got .... time.

4."Did you have .... to eat? " - "Yes, thank you."

5.You drink .... coffee. It's not good for you.

6.You don't eat .... fruit. You should eat more.

7.There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There were .... people.

Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps with the adverbs; 'too' or 'enough' +(plus) one of the following words: big; busy; expensive; far; loud; sharp; warm. Make all other necessary changes.

1.Please turn the radio down. It .... .

2.Can you turn up the radio, please? It .... .

3.I don't want to walk home. It .... .

4.Don't buy anything in that shop. It .... .

5.You can't put all your things in this bag. It .... .

6.We didn't go to the beach. It .... .

7.I can't talk to you now. I .... .

8.I can't cut anything with this knife. It .... .

Exercise 4. Choose the appropriate form of an adverb or an adjective from the two given in brackets.

1.I am (happy/happily) to meet you. They have lived all their life (happy/happily).

2.Don't speak to me so (cold/coldly).Your hands are (cold/coldly),put on your gloves.

3.The results of our work were (perfect/perfectly).We have done everything (perfect/perfectly).

4."I am quite (helpless/helplessly) in solving such problems", she said. She looked at them (helpless/helplessly) not knowing what to do.

5.Can you tell me the (exact/exactly) time of his arrival? - Sorry, but I don't know (exact/exactly) when he comes back.

6.He often comes home (late/lately). I haven't seen him (late/lately).

Exercise 5. Put the adverbs in brackets in their right places in the sentences below.

1.I get many letters from my friends (often). ......

2.We shall go (tomorrow, there). ......

3.Have you been to the Crimea (ever)? ......

4.I have been there (never). ......

5.They have returned from the South (just). ......

6.I have not seen this film (yet). ......

7.He gets up early (usually). ......

8.My mother cooks dinner for our family (always). ......

9.She is very busy (always). ......

10.I haven't money to buy this TV-set (enough). ......

11.She knows French well to work as an interpreter (enough). .....

Exercise 6. Choose the right adverb.

1.He stood (close/closely) to the door.

2.You can get this book (free/freely).

3.He couldn't explain it (clear/clearly).

4.I (hard/hardly) studied at all last term.

5.You guessed (wrong/wrongly).

6.He opened the door (wide/widely).

7.She was (high/highly) praised for her work.

8.He has been working (hard/hardly).

9.I'm getting (pretty/prettily) tired.

10.You can speak (free/freely) in front of him.

11.My friends are (most/mostly) students.

12.I haven't been to the theatre much (late/lately).

13.I (wrong/wrongly) assumed that you were my friend.

14.He (close/closely) inspected the lock.

15.He came back (late/lately).

16.You're doing (fine/finely).

17.Take it (easy/easily).

18.The kite flew (high/highly).

19.The girl was dancing (pretty/prettily).

20.I understood his English (easy/easily).

21.He pulled the strings (tight/tightly).

22.It was (near/nearly) midnight.

23.Of all fruit he loved apples (most/mostly).

24.They differed (wide/widely) in opinions.

25.The car drove up (near/nearly) to the gate.

26.I (clean/cleanly) forgot about it.

27.He loved his parents (dear/dearly).

28.He will be in (short/shortly).

29.He bought it (cheap/cheaply).

30.His refusal cost him (dear/dearly).

31.He turned round (sharp/sharply).

32.They travelled (cheap/cheaply).

33.They treated him (fair/fairly).

34.The foreman cut me (short/shortly).

35.She clenched the letter (tight/tightly) in her hand.

36.She wiped the table (clean/cleanly).

37.He always travelled (light/lightly).

38.You must play (fair/fairly).

39.He kissed me (light/lightly) on the cheek.

40.It was ten o'clock (sharp/sharply).

Exercise 7. Translate the sentences below into Russian.

1.The more I speak to you, the more I like you.

2.The sooner he comes, the better.

3.The longer I stay here, the more I like the place.

4.The darker the night, the better we see Venus in the sky.

5.The more I read the novel, the less I like it.

6.Don't speak so loud! The louder you speak, the worse I understand you.

7.The farther the electron is from the nucleus, the higher its energy is.

8.The more people know about the nature, the better they control it.

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]