
- •Contents:
- •The noun Классификация существительных
- •Притяжательный падеж имён существительных (The Possessive case (s'/'s).
- •The article
- •Test on articles usage
- •The adjective
- •Interesting more/less interesting the most/least
- •Interesting
- •It was an expensive large round antique dark spotted Italian wooden tray.
- •The numeral
- •Дробные числительные
- •0.35 (.35) – Nought point three five/o point three five/ point three five
- •Для обозначения номеров домов, квартир, комнат, автобусов, рейсов самолётов, глав и страниц книг и т.Д. Обычно употребляются количественные числительные:
- •Грамматические свойства числительных
- •The adverb
- •I usually get up at seven o'clock.
- •I have never seen him.
- •The pronoun
- •1.Personal Pronouns
- •2.Possessive Pronouns
- •I saw him somewhere.
- •Is there anything I can do for you?
- •I cannot see him anywhere.
- •I have a few friends in Holland.
- •I've got only few pencils in the box.
- •Test on pronouns usage
- •The verb
- •I study at the Belarusian Jurisprudence Institute. Личные и неличные формы глагола
- •Основные формы глагола и времена
- •Правильные и неправильные глаголы
- •Классификация глаголов
- •Наклонение
- •If I were you, I should confess the fault freely.
- •It takes me only a few minutes to cook this dish.
- •Времена глаголов
- •The imperative mood
- •Present tenses
- •I take he takes
- •The present continuous (present progressive) tense
- •The present perfect tense
- •I have just come and I haven't had my dinner yet.
- •I haven't seen him today.
- •I haven't seen you for ages.
- •For/ since/ ago
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I've been working in the garden all day long.
- •I've known Jack for five years.
- •Past tenses the past indefinite (past simple) tense
- •I bought this book in Minsk.
- •I told him I didn't like fishing.
- •The past continuous (past progressive) tense
- •It was snowing all day yesterday.
- •The past perfect tense
- •The Past Indefinite (Past Simple) / Past Continuous (Past Progressive) / Past Perfect Continuous / Past Prefect Tense. Test
- •Future tenses
- •I'm going to present them to my little brother.
- •The Future Continuous (Future Progressive) Tense
- •I’ll be expecting you at 4 o’clock sharp.
- •It’s no use trying to see your teacher at 10. He will be giving a lesson at that time.
- •I’ll be seeing him this afternoon.
- •Future in the past
- •Sequence of tenses
- •I thought you were born in 1970.
- •Test sequence of tenses
- •The reported (indirect) speech
- •Reported speech test 1
- •Modal verbs
- •I shall be able to come earlier today.
- •It became dark in the room, and he had to switch on the light because he wanted to write the reply letter immedietly.
- •I don't have to get early today; it's my day off.
- •I was to see the doctor at 2 o'clock.
- •It may rain today.
- •I will gladly help you.
- •Test on modal verbs usage
- •The passive voice
- •The passive voice test 1
- •C) will have been X-rayed
- •The Tower of London
- •The subjunctive mood
- •I shouldn't write a letter to him, if I didn't know his address.
- •I souldn't have written a letter to him, if I hadn't known his address.
- •Conditional sentences
- •1.Если он придет завтра, я помогу ему.
- •2. Если бы он пришел завтра, я бы помог ему.
- •3. Если бы он пришел вчера, я бы помог ему.
- •Test on conditional sentences
- •B. Would be e. Would help
- •B. Wouldn’t have worked e. Hadn’t become
- •C. Had worked f. Won’t be sweeping
- •Inversion
- •The infinitive
- •I must go and see him.
- •I'm glad to have seen you.
- •It must have been a pleasant dream.
- •I was going to ask you to come with us.
- •I'm sorry to disturb you.
- •I want you to help me.
- •I ask you not to be late this time.
- •I saw him cross the street.
- •It's difficult for first-year students to read such texts.
- •It's necessary for me to know her new address. (сложное подлежащее)
- •The gerund
- •I don't remember seeing (having seen) him before.
- •In the morning light, she was ashamed of herself for having been elated the night before.
- •1. Дополнение после глаголов и словосочетаний:
- •The participle
- •I'm very much obliged to you.
- •Is the door locked?
- •Types of questions
- •Test 2 special questions
- •There is / there are
- •Is there anything in the room?
- •If we have spare time we shall visit the British Museum.
- •Союзные слова
- •The preposition
- •Предлоги места
- •Предлоги направления
- •At обозначает точку во времени:
- •In the evening – вечером (с 6 до 10 часов)
- •We have lessons from 8 a.M. Till 2 p.M.
- •Test on prepositions usage.
- •Conjunctions and prerositions
- •Word order
- •In summer Peter wrote them letters very often.
- •I usually get up at seven o'clock.
- •I have never seen him.
- •It was an expensive large round antique dark spotted Italian wooden tray.
- •Phrasal verbs reference The grammar of phrasal verbs
2.75 – two point seventy-five
0.35 (.35) – Nought point three five/o point three five/ point three five
21.05 – two five (twenty-five) point nought (o) five
Чтение дат:
November 19, 1991 – the nineteenth of November nineteen ninety one (November the nineteenth nineteen ninety one)
Чтение номеров телефонов:
226-45-37 – double two(twenty-two)-six-forty-five-thirty-seven
Обозначение времени суток:
11 A.M. – eleven A.M. ['ei'em]
9 P.M. – nine P.M. ['pi'em]
Для обозначения номеров домов, квартир, комнат, автобусов, рейсов самолётов, глав и страниц книг и т.Д. Обычно употребляются количественные числительные:
Flight 220, Bus 17, Room 234, page 6
Артикль перед существительным в этом случае отсутствует.
Грамматические свойства числительных
Числительные в английском языке являются неизменяемыми словами:
three thousand kilometres, two chairs, between two trees
Как количественные, так и порядковые числительные ипредложении обычно выполняют роль определения к существительному:
We live on the second floor.
She is twenty years old.
Если существительное определяется количественным числительным, то артикль перед существительным в этом случае отсутствует; если порядковым – то существительное в этом случае обычно имеет определённый артикль, который ставится перед порядковым числительным:
They managed to cover sixty miles in five hours.
We are happy to live in the twenty-first century.
The adverb
Наречие выражает признаки действия или обстоятельства, при которых происходит действие. В предложениях наречия выступают в роли обстоятельств (места, времени, образа действия).
I was there yesterday. Я был там вчера.
Наречия неопределенного времени, такие как always, usually, already, neither и др., как правило, ставятся в предложении перед смысловым глаголом, но после глаголов to be, to have:
I usually get up at seven o'clock.
I have never seen him.
Наречия подразделяются на простые и производные. К простым наречиям относятся односложные наречия типа: how, there, here, then, soon.
Производные наречия образуются путем прибавления суффикса -ly к прилагательным, существительным, и т.д..
Например:
slow - slowly;
bad - badly;
day - daily
Имеются также составные наречия, которые образуются из двух слов: somewhere, sometimes, anyhow, anywhere, somewhat.
Некоторые наречия не отличаются по форме от прилагательных. К ним относятся: fast, long, far, little, much, early, late, straight, а также daily, weekly, monthly, friendly и др., образованные от существительных с помощью суффикса -ly. Такие наречия можно отличить только по той роли, которую они выполняют в предложении.
Наречия в предложении определяют глаголы, прилагательные или другие наречия; прилагательные же определяют только существительные.
Наречия |
Прилагательные: |
She didn't stay long. |
She was wearing a long dress. |
He worked much at his English. |
There was much snow last winter. |
The postman brings letters and telegrams to our office daily. |
This is a daily newspaper |
Некоторые наречия, например, late, near имеют две формы: одну - совпадающую с соответствующим прилагательным, другую - образованную с помощью суффикса -ly; причем обе формы имеют разные значения:
He lives quite near (близко). |
It is nearly (почти) 9 o'clock. |
I went to bed late (поздно) at night. |
I have seen him lately (недавно). |
Наречия образуют степени сравнения по тем же правилам, что и прилагательные. Перед наречием в превосходной степени определенный артикль не употребляется.
soon - sooner - soonest
badly - worse - worst
brightly - more brightly - most brightly
Некоторые наречия образуют степени сравнения не по общим правилам:
well - better - best
badly - worse - worst
much - more - most
little - less - least
far - farther - farthest
further - furthest
Exercise 1. Choose the correct variant of the two in brackets.
1.I opened the door (slow/slowly).
2.Why are you (angry/angrily)? I haven't done anything.
3.Bill is a (careful/carefully) driver. He drives (careful/carefully).
4.Can you please repeat that (slow/slowly)?
5.Come on, George! Why are you always so (slow/slowly)?
6.The party was very (good/well). I enjoyed it very much.
7.Tom didn't do very (good/well) at his examination.
8.Jane is studying (hard/hardly) for her examinations.
9."Where's Diana? "- "She was here, but she left (sudden/suddenly)".
10.I met him a long time ago, so I don't remember him very (good/well).
11.My brother is not very (good/well) at the moment.
12.Don't eat your dinner so (quick/quickly). It's not good for you.
13.Those oranges look (nice/nicely). Can I have one?
14.I don't want to work for that company. They pay their workers very (bad/badly).
15.Please be (quiet/quietly). I'm reading.
Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with the adverb 'enough' (достаточно) or the expressions 'too much/too many' (более, чем достаточно).
1.You're very thin. You don't eat .... .
2.I don't like the weather here. There's .... rain.
3.I can't wait for them. I haven't got .... time.
4."Did you have .... to eat? " - "Yes, thank you."
5.You drink .... coffee. It's not good for you.
6.You don't eat .... fruit. You should eat more.
7.There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There were .... people.
Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps with the adverbs; 'too' or 'enough' +(plus) one of the following words: big; busy; expensive; far; loud; sharp; warm. Make all other necessary changes.
1.Please turn the radio down. It .... .
2.Can you turn up the radio, please? It .... .
3.I don't want to walk home. It .... .
4.Don't buy anything in that shop. It .... .
5.You can't put all your things in this bag. It .... .
6.We didn't go to the beach. It .... .
7.I can't talk to you now. I .... .
8.I can't cut anything with this knife. It .... .
Exercise 4. Choose the appropriate form of an adverb or an adjective from the two given in brackets.
1.I am (happy/happily) to meet you. They have lived all their life (happy/happily).
2.Don't speak to me so (cold/coldly).Your hands are (cold/coldly),put on your gloves.
3.The results of our work were (perfect/perfectly).We have done everything (perfect/perfectly).
4."I am quite (helpless/helplessly) in solving such problems", she said. She looked at them (helpless/helplessly) not knowing what to do.
5.Can you tell me the (exact/exactly) time of his arrival? - Sorry, but I don't know (exact/exactly) when he comes back.
6.He often comes home (late/lately). I haven't seen him (late/lately).
Exercise 5. Put the adverbs in brackets in their right places in the sentences below.
1.I get many letters from my friends (often). ......
2.We shall go (tomorrow, there). ......
3.Have you been to the Crimea (ever)? ......
4.I have been there (never). ......
5.They have returned from the South (just). ......
6.I have not seen this film (yet). ......
7.He gets up early (usually). ......
8.My mother cooks dinner for our family (always). ......
9.She is very busy (always). ......
10.I haven't money to buy this TV-set (enough). ......
11.She knows French well to work as an interpreter (enough). .....
Exercise 6. Choose the right adverb.
1.He stood (close/closely) to the door.
2.You can get this book (free/freely).
3.He couldn't explain it (clear/clearly).
4.I (hard/hardly) studied at all last term.
5.You guessed (wrong/wrongly).
6.He opened the door (wide/widely).
7.She was (high/highly) praised for her work.
8.He has been working (hard/hardly).
9.I'm getting (pretty/prettily) tired.
10.You can speak (free/freely) in front of him.
11.My friends are (most/mostly) students.
12.I haven't been to the theatre much (late/lately).
13.I (wrong/wrongly) assumed that you were my friend.
14.He (close/closely) inspected the lock.
15.He came back (late/lately).
16.You're doing (fine/finely).
17.Take it (easy/easily).
18.The kite flew (high/highly).
19.The girl was dancing (pretty/prettily).
20.I understood his English (easy/easily).
21.He pulled the strings (tight/tightly).
22.It was (near/nearly) midnight.
23.Of all fruit he loved apples (most/mostly).
24.They differed (wide/widely) in opinions.
25.The car drove up (near/nearly) to the gate.
26.I (clean/cleanly) forgot about it.
27.He loved his parents (dear/dearly).
28.He will be in (short/shortly).
29.He bought it (cheap/cheaply).
30.His refusal cost him (dear/dearly).
31.He turned round (sharp/sharply).
32.They travelled (cheap/cheaply).
33.They treated him (fair/fairly).
34.The foreman cut me (short/shortly).
35.She clenched the letter (tight/tightly) in her hand.
36.She wiped the table (clean/cleanly).
37.He always travelled (light/lightly).
38.You must play (fair/fairly).
39.He kissed me (light/lightly) on the cheek.
40.It was ten o'clock (sharp/sharply).
Exercise 7. Translate the sentences below into Russian.
1.The more I speak to you, the more I like you.
2.The sooner he comes, the better.
3.The longer I stay here, the more I like the place.
4.The darker the night, the better we see Venus in the sky.
5.The more I read the novel, the less I like it.
6.Don't speak so loud! The louder you speak, the worse I understand you.
7.The farther the electron is from the nucleus, the higher its energy is.
8.The more people know about the nature, the better they control it.