
- •Contents:
- •The noun Классификация существительных
- •Притяжательный падеж имён существительных (The Possessive case (s'/'s).
- •The article
- •Test on articles usage
- •The adjective
- •Interesting more/less interesting the most/least
- •Interesting
- •It was an expensive large round antique dark spotted Italian wooden tray.
- •The numeral
- •Дробные числительные
- •0.35 (.35) – Nought point three five/o point three five/ point three five
- •Для обозначения номеров домов, квартир, комнат, автобусов, рейсов самолётов, глав и страниц книг и т.Д. Обычно употребляются количественные числительные:
- •Грамматические свойства числительных
- •The adverb
- •I usually get up at seven o'clock.
- •I have never seen him.
- •The pronoun
- •1.Personal Pronouns
- •2.Possessive Pronouns
- •I saw him somewhere.
- •Is there anything I can do for you?
- •I cannot see him anywhere.
- •I have a few friends in Holland.
- •I've got only few pencils in the box.
- •Test on pronouns usage
- •The verb
- •I study at the Belarusian Jurisprudence Institute. Личные и неличные формы глагола
- •Основные формы глагола и времена
- •Правильные и неправильные глаголы
- •Классификация глаголов
- •Наклонение
- •If I were you, I should confess the fault freely.
- •It takes me only a few minutes to cook this dish.
- •Времена глаголов
- •The imperative mood
- •Present tenses
- •I take he takes
- •The present continuous (present progressive) tense
- •The present perfect tense
- •I have just come and I haven't had my dinner yet.
- •I haven't seen him today.
- •I haven't seen you for ages.
- •For/ since/ ago
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •I've been working in the garden all day long.
- •I've known Jack for five years.
- •Past tenses the past indefinite (past simple) tense
- •I bought this book in Minsk.
- •I told him I didn't like fishing.
- •The past continuous (past progressive) tense
- •It was snowing all day yesterday.
- •The past perfect tense
- •The Past Indefinite (Past Simple) / Past Continuous (Past Progressive) / Past Perfect Continuous / Past Prefect Tense. Test
- •Future tenses
- •I'm going to present them to my little brother.
- •The Future Continuous (Future Progressive) Tense
- •I’ll be expecting you at 4 o’clock sharp.
- •It’s no use trying to see your teacher at 10. He will be giving a lesson at that time.
- •I’ll be seeing him this afternoon.
- •Future in the past
- •Sequence of tenses
- •I thought you were born in 1970.
- •Test sequence of tenses
- •The reported (indirect) speech
- •Reported speech test 1
- •Modal verbs
- •I shall be able to come earlier today.
- •It became dark in the room, and he had to switch on the light because he wanted to write the reply letter immedietly.
- •I don't have to get early today; it's my day off.
- •I was to see the doctor at 2 o'clock.
- •It may rain today.
- •I will gladly help you.
- •Test on modal verbs usage
- •The passive voice
- •The passive voice test 1
- •C) will have been X-rayed
- •The Tower of London
- •The subjunctive mood
- •I shouldn't write a letter to him, if I didn't know his address.
- •I souldn't have written a letter to him, if I hadn't known his address.
- •Conditional sentences
- •1.Если он придет завтра, я помогу ему.
- •2. Если бы он пришел завтра, я бы помог ему.
- •3. Если бы он пришел вчера, я бы помог ему.
- •Test on conditional sentences
- •B. Would be e. Would help
- •B. Wouldn’t have worked e. Hadn’t become
- •C. Had worked f. Won’t be sweeping
- •Inversion
- •The infinitive
- •I must go and see him.
- •I'm glad to have seen you.
- •It must have been a pleasant dream.
- •I was going to ask you to come with us.
- •I'm sorry to disturb you.
- •I want you to help me.
- •I ask you not to be late this time.
- •I saw him cross the street.
- •It's difficult for first-year students to read such texts.
- •It's necessary for me to know her new address. (сложное подлежащее)
- •The gerund
- •I don't remember seeing (having seen) him before.
- •In the morning light, she was ashamed of herself for having been elated the night before.
- •1. Дополнение после глаголов и словосочетаний:
- •The participle
- •I'm very much obliged to you.
- •Is the door locked?
- •Types of questions
- •Test 2 special questions
- •There is / there are
- •Is there anything in the room?
- •If we have spare time we shall visit the British Museum.
- •Союзные слова
- •The preposition
- •Предлоги места
- •Предлоги направления
- •At обозначает точку во времени:
- •In the evening – вечером (с 6 до 10 часов)
- •We have lessons from 8 a.M. Till 2 p.M.
- •Test on prepositions usage.
- •Conjunctions and prerositions
- •Word order
- •In summer Peter wrote them letters very often.
- •I usually get up at seven o'clock.
- •I have never seen him.
- •It was an expensive large round antique dark spotted Italian wooden tray.
- •Phrasal verbs reference The grammar of phrasal verbs
If I were you, I should confess the fault freely.
Повелительное наклонение (the Imperative Mood) выражает просьбу, приказание, а также побуждение к действию со стороны говорящего:
Take care of yourself! Don't switch on the light!
Залог
В английском языке имеется действительный (the Active Voice) и страдательный залог (the Passive Voice).
Действительный залог показывает, что действие исходит от подлежащего, т.е. подлежащим является лицо или предмет, производящий действие:
The judge sentenced the murderer to life imprisonment.
Страдательный залог показывает, что подлежащее не является производителем действия, оно испытывает действие, направленное на него:
The murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment (by the judge).
Лицо и число
В английском языке глагол имеет 3 лица и 2 числа - единственное и множественное, но лицо и число выражается в самих глаголах только в 3-м лице единственного числа настоящего времени всех глаголов, кроме to be и to have и модальных, при помощи суффикса –(e)s:
It takes me only a few minutes to cook this dish.
В остальных случаях лицо и число определяется по местоимению, выполняющему функцию подлежащего:
He arrived late yesterday.
She arrived late yesterday.
They arrived late yesterday.
Переходные и непереходные глаголы
Глаголы бывают переходные и непереходные.
Переходными называются глаголы, действие которых непосредственно переходит на предмет, т.е. глаголы, которые имеют при себе прямое дополнение:
We receive newspapers every day.
Непереходные глаголы не могут иметь при себе прямого дополнения, так как выражаемые ими действия не переходят непосредственно на предмет или лицо:
They go to the Institute six days a week.
Многие английские глаголы могут употребляться как в переходном, так и в непереходном значении:
One of the students stopped me in the street.
One of the students stopped at the shop window.
Времена глаголов
В английском языке имеется 4 группы времён глагола: неопределённые времена (Indefinite/Simple Tenses), длительные времена (Continuous/Progressive Tenses), перфектные, или совершенные времена (Perfect Tenses), и перфектно-длительные (Perfect Continuous Tenses). В каждой группе в изъявительном наклонении и действительном залоге имеется 4 времени: настоящее (Present), прошедшее (Past), будущее (Future) и будущее с точки зрения прошедшего (Future-in-the-Past). Таким образом, в английском языке имеется 16 грамматических времён.
The imperative mood
Глагол в форме повелительного наклонения выражает побуждение к действию, просьбу, приказ или совет. Утвердительная форма повелительного наклонения образуется от первой основной формы глагола - инфинитива без частицы to. При образовании отрицательной формы перед смысловым глаголом ставится вспомогательный глагол do и отрицание not:
Write the first sentence on the blackboard.
Do not write in pencil!
Повелительное наклонение обычно обращено ко второму лицу. Если побуждение обращено к первому или третьему лицу, употребляется сочетание let c инфинитивом смыслового глагола без частицы to:
Let us go there together.
Let him do it himself.
Exercise 1.Translate into English.
a)1.Давайте прочитаем текст. 2.Пусть он переведет первое предложение. 3.Давайте я напишу это предложение на доске. 4.Пусть они возьмут свои книги. 5.Пусть она пойдет в театр. 6.Пусть она напишет это предложение. 7.Разрешите ей пойти в кино. 8.Откройте книги на странице 17. 9.Давайте прочтем новый урок. 10.Смирнов, прочтите, пожалуйста, первое предложение. 11.Пусть Иванов переведет это предложение.
б)1.Не открывайте окно. 2.Не берите книгу со стола. 3.Не пишите это предложение на доске. 4.Не разговаривайте, пожалуйста.
Exercise 2. Make up sentences in the Imperative Mood.
1.The book/me/give.
2.Let/the window/us/open.
3.Go/the date/and/to the blackboard/write.
4.His/please/mistake/correct.
5.Him/let/to the cinema/go.
6.The TV programme/let/watch/her.
7.Into/the butter/the cheese/the refrigerator/put/and.
Exercise 3. Recommend your friend not to do what he does.
E.g. You smoke too much.
Don't smoke too much.
(to talk on the phone too much, to read too late at night, to come home too late at night, to work on Sundays too much, to go to the pictures too often, to play tennis too much, to eat and sleep too much)
Exercise 4. Ask your friend not to do what he does.
1.I am sometimes sad.
2.I am often tired in the evening.
3.I am always busy at the week-end.
4.I am a little lazy.
5.I am often ill.
6.I am always late for the pictures.
Exercise 5. Change the sentences according to the model. Express disagreement and give a better idea.
E.g. - What about going to the pictures?
- Don't go to the pictures. Let's go to the theatre.
1.What about going skiing on Sunday?
2.What about going to the country at the weekend?
3.What about going for a walk after dinner?
4.What about listening to the radio now?
5.What about watching TV after tea?
6.What about reading a book?
Exercise 6. Change the sentences according to the model.
E.g. - I want to have a look at the new text.
- Please, let me do it.
1.I want to put down the new words.
2.We want to see a new film.
3.Our students want to go home early today.
4.My friends want to have a smoke during the break.
5.My wife wants to have a talk with you.
6.My friend wants to go on business to London.
Exercise 7. Change the sentences according to the model.
E.g. - The child is hungry. He wants to eat a cake.
- Don't let him do it before dinner.
1.The child is sleepy but he wants to watch TV.
2.Your wife is tired but she wants to wash up dishes.
3.Your son is too small but he wants to go swimming.
4.Your friend is ill but he wants to come to college tomorrow.
5.Your friends make too many mistakes but they want to be absent from the lessons.
6.The room is full of people but some students want to smoke.