Presentation activity
Opening People tend to remember openers more than any other part of a presentation, except perhaps for the closing remarks. Level 1- The Organized Opening If you’re a beginner or very nervous, demonstrate that you’re prepared and organized. This will reassure your audience that your presentation is not going to be a waste of time. Here’s a formula you can use – answer the three questions your audience will have in their minds: 1. What’s the topic of your presentation? - Give a one-sentence overview of what you’re talking about. 2. Why should your audience be interested? - What’s in it for them? Give them a reason to listen. 3. Why are you talking about it? - What are your qualifications or experience which give you the credibility to be talking about it. People in your audience will sense that you’ve carefully planned your talk (which will give them a sense of relief that it’s not going to be a disorganised ramble), and they’ll be receptive to what you’re going to cover. This type of opening is appropriate for most business presentations. Level 2 - The Story Opening Once you’ve got the Organized Opening mastered, step up to the Story Opening. Telling a story is, for most people, the easiest of the more advanced opening techniques. Opening with a story helps you to be conversational and establish rapport with your audience, allows you to add humour with some funny lines. Don’t start planning your presentation by trying to think of a great story to start your presentation. That’s hard. Instead plan the rest of your presentation – which will (of course) include stories to back up your points. Then have a look at what you’ve prepared and see if there’s a story that could be used for your opening. Level 3 – The Dramatic Opening Choose your dramatic opening with care. Ensure it enables you to connect with your audience as well as provide drama. There are a number of dramatic openings which are commonly recommended. 1. Use a quote 2. Ask a question Opening with a question creates curiosity and jump-starts the thought process. Thinking causes engagement with your topic–exactly what you and the audience are hoping for. However, using your very first words to ask a question is risky. Your audience is not always ready to think. They want to check you out first. 3. Refer to a shocking statistic 4. Ask the audience to imagine themselves in a situation /after the Internet sources/ |
Exercise 15. Choose a topic for your presentation. Write down an opening .
The basic and peripheral components.
The CPU and the motherboard.
Make your computer faster, make it up-to-date
Unit 4 Data storage. Types of computer memory. Reading and comprehension
Exercise 1. Read the text. Answer the questions below.
Text 1 What is Computer Memory?
Computer memory are internal storage areas in the computer used to either temporarily or permanently store data or instructions to be processed. There are four basic types of computer memory: Cache Memory, RAM, Virtual Memory and Hard Drives. With modern CPU’s running at speeds of 1 gigahertz or higher, it is hard for computer memory to keep up with the extreme amount of data being processed.
There are several types of computer memory involved with any system. The most common types of memory average consumers know about are random access memory (known as RAM), cache and flash memory. Of course, there are other types of memory that are less commonly known, such as, ROM, virtual memory, video memory and the BIOS.
Most computer memory refers to temporary types of memory. Since every action on your computer requires some form of memory, whether it is actual or virtual memory. When those actions take place, if memory was not used, everything on your system would be slow or possibly non-working at all. This is the primary function of memory in your computer. It helps the CPU access things in memory to avoid running your computer down accessing them from their original place of storage.
The average computer comes with four types of primary memory: Level one and two cache, RAM, virtual and hard disk memory. When your computer tries to access memory, it uses these different levels to access, open and utilize computer processes. The hard disk is one of the cheapest types of memory. It is a permanent storage device, but it can consume too much time to open and read data from it. So, virtual memory comes into play in conjunction with the CPU to help read the hard disk and make it a bit quicker to read the unit.
RAM
Computer RAM (Random Access Memory) is the best known form of memory your computer uses. Every file or application opened is placed in RAM. Any information the computer needs or uses becomes part of a continuous cycle where the CPU requests data from RAM, processes it and then writes new data back to RAM. This can happen millions of times a second. However, this is usually just for temporary file storage, so unless the data is saved somewhere, it is deleted when the files or applications are closed. It is volatile memory.
Most modern semiconductor volatile memory is either Static RAM (see SRAM) or dynamic RAM (see DRAM). SRAM retains its contents as long as the power is connected and is easy to interface to. Dynamic RAM is more complicated to interface to and control and needs regular refresh cycles to prevent its contents being lost. SRAM is not worthwhile for desktop system memory, where DRAM dominates, but is used for their cache memories.
Recent advances in memory technology have included the development of magnetic RAM (MRAM). The MRAM is a memory device for reading and writing information wherein multi-layer ferromagnetic thin films is used by sensing current variations according to a magnetization direction of the respective thin films. MRAM stores information magnetically, so it does not require a constant power supply. This quality is known as non-volatility. MRAM can offer all the advantages in speed and size that volatile memory offers and brings the added advantage of being non-volatile and, in some architectural configurations, cheaper to manufacture. MRAM can operate at speeds similar to either SRAM or DRAM, thus allowing it to be utilized within main memory. The MRAM has a high speed and low power consumption, and allows high integration density due to its unique properties of the magnetic thin film, and also performs a nonvolatile memory operation such as a flash memory.
The RAM helps sync types of memory together, but since they do not directly connect and interact with the CPU, the cache levels help fuse everything together so that your computer runs faster when accessing data at different intervals. While there is much more to memory than just these facets, this is just a basic overview of how it all works together to keep your computer running. So, the next time you think your computer is slow, perhaps, it is time for a memory upgrade.