Vocabulary

WORD	TRANSLATION	COMBINATIONS
to convert	преобразовывать; превращать; трансформировать	to convert smth into smth
to take	1) брать, выбирать 2) принимать 3) снимать показания приборов 4) доставать	to take into account to take up space to take an instruction to take down to take off
a display to display	дисплей устройство отображения; электронное табло отображение (данных); отображать (данные); выводить (данные) на экран;	black-and-white display flicker-free display intelligent display interactive display keyboard display graphic(al) display touch display
a dot	Точка
refresh	регенерировать, обновлять, восстанавливать	frame refresh referesh rate
cartridge	картридж	ink cartridge, removable cartridge all-in-one cartridge
technology	1) техника; технические и прикладные науки 2) технология	to apply / employ technology to create / develop (a) technology to export / transfer technology (to developing countries) state-of-the-art technology high/ low technology (tech)
to flicker	мерцать мигать	annoying flicker color flicker image flicker
resolution	разрешение, разрешающая способность	color resolution effective resolution high-resolution low resolution priority resolution perceived resolution resolution enhancement
to generate	порождать, генерировать, создавать, формировать
to print	распечатывать	print head printout printer driver printer spooler print server

Exercise 7. Match each term with the correct definition.

refresh rate printer spooler hard copy phosphors print server LCD screen pixel dpi dot pitch ppm

stands for pages per minute and is a unit of measure of the speed of a printer the smallest element in a displayed image the frequency at which a monitor renews its image, measured in Hz a program that stores files to be printed when the printer is ready a flat-panel display which works by emitting light through a special liquid the space between a display's pixels the output on paper materials that emit light and produce colours when they are activated by an electron beam stands for dots per inch and is a unit of resolution measurement a computer that stores the files waiting to be printed in a network

Exercise 8. Match the words from column A with the words from column B to make word colocations. There can be more than one variant:

A	B
intelligent refresh removable printer interactive state-of-the-art touch high low print to take up	space display cartridge resolution technology head driver

Exercise 9. Solve the puzzle. Make up a word from the letters in bold.

							1
				2
3
							4
						5
				6
						7
				8
							9
	10

1. to change into a different form

2. to produce or create something (i.e. a signal)

3. a container holding a quantity of ink, etc., designed for insertion into a mechanism

4. a component in a printer that assembles and holds the characters and from which the images of the characters are transferred to the printing medium

5. fluctuations in the brightness of a film or television image such as occur when the number of frames per second is too small for persistence of vision

6. to produce a paper copy of information stored on a computer

7. a small round mark or spot

8. the degree of detail visible in a photographic or television image

9. to use a particular amount of space, for example

10. an electronic device for the visual presentation of data or images

Exercise 10. Find in the box synonyms to the words below. Explain the difference. Provide examples to illustrate the meanings of the words.

Screen to allow to output to modify printout to reckon to impress to change monitor to take into consideration to adapt to produce to evolve to bear in mind to publish

a display	- -
a hard copy	-
to print	- - -
to convert	- - -
to take into account	- - - -
to generate	- -

Exercise 11. Choose the right word:

1. What has happened? - It seems that I pressed the _________________ button (incorrect/ wrong/ improper)

2. I can’t use my laptop. The battery is ______________________ . (over/ flat/ exhausted)

3. Keeping files on paper is a _______________________ solution. (low tech/ old-tech/ past-tech)

4. Keeping files on a computer is a ______________________ solution. (new-tech/ now tech/ high tech)

5. When you connect the joystick to your computer it will work immediately. It’s _______________________ . (plug and go/ plug and play/ plug and use)

6. I cannot _______________________ at home. My printer has run out of ink. (print/ publish/ impress)

7. The computer _______________________ a digital signal and transfers it to another computer. (evolve/ produce/ generate)

8. When the ink runs out, you have to _______________________ the cartridge (convert/ change/ adapt)

9. __________________________ that “balck and white” is also known as mono. (take into account/ allow/ reckon)

10. Can your printer do double-___________________ printing? (sided/partied/paper)

11. The text is printed in _________________________ orientation. (direct/ portrait/ book)

12. The picture is in ________________________ orientation. (horizontal/ album/ landscape).

Exercise 12. Complete the gaps. Make sure that you use the correct grammatical form.

Most desktop displays use ________________ ________________ Display (LCD) or Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) _____________________, while nearly all ___________________ computing devices, such as laptops, incorporate LCDs. Because of their slimmer design and lower energy consumption, LCD monitors (also called flat panel or flat screen displays) are replacing CRTs.

An LCD is made of two glass plates with a _________________ crystal material between them. The crystals block the light in different quantities to ___________________ the image. Active-matrix LCDs use TFT (thin film transistor) ___________________, in which each pixel has its own switch. The amount of light the LCD monitor ___________________ is called brightness or luminance, measured in cd/m² (candela per square metre).

A CRT monitor is similar to a traditional TV set. It ___________________ millions of tiny red, green and blue phosphor dots that glow when struck by an electron beam that travels across the screen and ___________________ a visible image.

Other basic features of a monitor are:

1. ___________________ refers to the number of dots of colour, known as ___________________ (picture elements), contained in a display. It is expressed by identifying the number of ___________________ on the horizontal and vertical axes. A typical ___________________ is 1024x768. The quality of images on a screen is ___________________ in terms of resolution, with ___________________ resolution monitors generally being capable of displaying text and images with greater clarity.

2. Two measurements describe the size of your display: the aspect ratio and the ___________________ size. Historically, computer displays, like most televisions, have had an aspect ratio of 4:3 - the width of the screen to the height is four to three. For widescreen ___________________ displays, the aspect ratio is 16:9, very useful for viewing DVD movies, playing games and ___________________ multiple windows side by side. High-definition TV also uses this format. The viewable screen size is ___________________ diagonally, so a 19"screen measures 19" from the top left to the bottom right.

Exercise 13. Complete the sentences with words from the exercise above.

1. A _____________ ______________ stores files to be printed when the printer is ready. It lets you change the order of documents in the queue and cancel specific print jobs.

2. The differences in______________ are noticeable: the more dots per inch, the clearer the mage.

3. A print ____________ of between 600 ___________and 2,400___________ ensured that even text as small as 2 pt was legible.

4. The output on paper or acetate sheets is called ______________ or hard copy.

5. Passengers with an electronic ticket will need a _______________ of ticket confirmation or a boarding pass to be admitted to secured gate areas.

6. A program in your computer, called the _____________ _______________, converts data into a form that your printer can understand.

7. The key advance of recent years is printing speed: the latest generation of ink-jets prints black-and-white text at 15________________ (_________________).

8. With appropriate software, you can view the images on a computer, manipulate them, or send them to a _________________ and produce excellent quality colour copies.

9. A _____________________ is a dedicated computer that connects a printer to a network. It enables users to share printing resources.

10. The speed of your printer is measured in _____________.

11. In a network, users can share a printer connected to a ______________, a computer that stores the files waiting to be printed.

12. A _______________ is a utility that organizes and arranges any documents waiting to be printed.

13. In computers, a____________________ is a program installed to control a particular type of printer.

14. The output quality, or _______________, is measured in ______________ or dots per inch.

15. If you are out of ink, lift the _______________ and replace the cartridge. The cartridge can be ordered online.

16. My printer keeps getting jammed. I think there is a problem with the paper _______________ .

Exercise 14. Translate the text from Russian into English:

Part 1

Основные устройства вывода информации – мониторы и принтеры.

Не существует экрана, который был бы одинаково хорош для работы с графикой и офисными программами, игр и просмотра фильмов. Необходимо принимать во внимание для решения каких основных задач вы подбираете монитор.

Важный параметр - диагональ. Несмотря на большой выбор, для рядового пользователя наиболее актуальны устройства с диагональю от 17 до 24 дюймов. Причем, для частого просмотра фильмов и игр лучше, чтобы этот параметр достигал своего разумного максимума. Для пользователя, чаще работающего с документами, вполне подойдет и небольшой размер диагонали.

Вторым по значимости является разрешение, поддерживаемое монитором. Если вы играете в игры, требующие высокой детализации графики и смотрите фильмы в высоком качестве, то не жалейте денег на покупку монитора с лучшим разрешением.

В последние годы рынок наполнили широкоформатные устройства. Они оптимальны для просмотра фильмов, да и большинство продвинутых игр также поддерживают данный формат. Они также хороши для работы в графических приложениях, да и обычный текст на таком мониторе гораздо лучше читается благодаря большой рабочей области.

Без углубления в конструкцию матрицы также трудно понять достоинства и недостатки выбираемого монитора. Так же, как заправка картриджей HP качественным тонером дает на выходе отличное качество печати, так и тип матрицы способен улучшить общую визуальную отдачу устройства.

Первые матрицы страдали малыми углами обзора, в пределах которых ячейки оптимально отображали цвета. Этот недостаток был устранен разработкой специальной пленки, накладываемой на матрицу и увеличивающей ее угол обзора. Сильные качества этих матриц - минимальное энергопотребление, высокая скорость отклика и низкая цена.

Для графических приложений лучшими принята считать другие матрицы, где кристаллы расположены вдоль поверхности монитора параллельно друг другу. За счет этого достигается хорошая цветопередача и максимальный угол обзора. Однако, время отклика и энергоемкость этих матриц достаточно велики.

Part 2

Принтеры выполняют печать информации на бумаге или пленке (результат, получаемый при печати, называют твердой копией). Принтеры бывают матричные, струйные, лазерные и термографические. Большинство принтеров печатают от 2 до 8 страниц в минуту.

Основные характеристики принтеров: разрешение и скорость печати. Разрешение – количество точек на один квадратный дюйм. Чем выше разрешение, тем качественнее печать.

Скорость печати измеряется в страницах в минуту и может варьироваться. Мощные лазерные принтеры способны выводить на печать до 100 страниц в минуту;

Поддержка цветной печати – очень важное свойство для тех, кто занимается компьютерной графикой и дизайном. Также очень удобно пользоваться цветными принтерами при печати графиков и диаграмм. В качестве устройств цветной печати используются в основном струйные принтеры. Возможности цветной печати есть и у других типов принтеров. Однако, матричные цветные принтеры неудобны в управлении и не обеспечивают приемлемое качество печати. Лазерные принтеры способны обеспечить высочайшее качество изображения, но эти печатающие устройства пока слишком дороги для применения в бизнесе.

SPEECH

Exercise 15. Look at the pictures of different output devices, characterize them. Speak about each of them following the plan, use the words and word combinations given in brackets.

OUTLINE:

1. Name the device

(there is …., the picture is figured with….)

2. Give its specifics (resolution, size, type, speed, etc)

3. Specify the sphere of application

(this device/appliance can be used… , it is designed for…, with the help of… we can… .)

1 2 3

4 5 6 7

8 9 10

11 12

Exercise 16. Compare different types of devices speaking about advantages and disadvantages. Look for additional information.

1. Laser printer vs ink jet

2. Dot matrix vs ink jet

3. Plotter vs ink jet

4. Imagesetter vs laser printer

Exercise 17. Choose the most appropriate type of a printer for the following situations. Use the information from the text.

1. a home user who wants to print text documents and family photographs

2. a business who needs to print in large quantities at high quality in the office

3. engineers who want to make detailed line drawings

4. professional typesetters in desktop publishing (e.g. to publish catalogues and magazines)

5. a company that wants to print hard copies of bills and receipts

Exercise 18. Fill in the chart and comment on different types of printers

TYPE	SPEED	TEXT QUALITY	GRAPHICS CAPABILITIES	COLOUR QUALITY	COST
Dot matrix
Ink jet
Laser
Thermal Transfer
Imagesetter
Plotter