Содержание

Фонетика………………………………………………..3

§1. Артикль……………………………………………………6

§ 2. Множественное число существительных………….….8

§ 3. Падеж существительных…………………………………10

§ 4. The Present Indefinite Tense………………………………13

§ 5. Глагол to be. Present Indefinite………………………….16

§ 6. Глагол to have…………………………………………….17

§ 7. Конструкция there is/there are………………………….19

§ 8. The Past Participle…………………………………………21

§ 9. The Past Indefinite Tense (Простое прошедшее время).22

§ 10. Модальные глаголы…………………………………….26

§ 11. Повелительное наклонение…………………………….28

§12. The Future Indefinite Tense (Простое будущее время)..29

§ 13. Конструкция to be going to do smth……………………31

§14. Многозначность shall…………………………………….32

§ 15. Многозначность will…………………………………….33

§ 16. Многозначность would………………………….……..33

§ 17. Participle I………………………………………………..34

Особенности орфографии:

§ 18. Continuous Tenses. (Продолженные времена.)……….35

§ 19. The Present Continuous Tense…………………………..36

(Настоящее продолженное время)

§ 20. The Past Continuous Tense………………………………36

(Прошедшее продолженное время.)

§ 21. The Future Continuous Tense…………………………..37

( Будущее продолженное время)

§ 22. The Present Perfect Tense……………………………….40

(Настоящее совершенное время).

§ 23. The Past Perfect Tense…………………………………..42

(Прошедшее совершенное время)

§ 24. The Future Perfect Tense………………………………..42

(Будущее совершенное время)

§ 25. Passive Voice……………………………………………..44

Страдательный залог.

§ 26. Многозначность глагола to have…………………………48

§ 27. Многозначность глагола to be……………………………49

Прилагательное.

§ 28. Степени сравнения прилагательных……………………50

Местоимение.

§ 29. Неопределенные местоимения…………………………...52

§ 30. Местоимения many, much, a lot of, few, a few, little,a little…………………………………………………………………54

§ 31. Союзы either ... or, neither…nor……………………….…55

§ 32. Местоимения every и each…………………………………55

§ 33. Местоимение one…………………………………………...56

§ 34. Местоимения other, another……………………………….56

Предлоги

§ 35. Основные предлоги места………………………………………………………………58

§ 36. Основные предлоги направления……………………………………………………...58

§ 37. Основные предлоги времени…………………………………….………………………59

§ 38. Gerund (Герундий)…………………………………………61

§ 39. Сложное дополнение (The Complex Object)……………..63

§ 40. Конструкция to have smth done……………………….66

§ 41. Сложноподчиненное предложение……………………….66

§ 42. Числительные……………………………………………..68

§ 43. Чтение дат……………………………………………………71

§ 44. Время…………………………………………………………71

§ 45. Словообразование…………………………………………..72

§ 46. Существительное в функции определения………………75

§ 47. Многозначность слов……………………………………….75

Грамматические таблицы……………………………………….79

Speech Etiquette

(Речевой этикет)…………………………………………………..82

About my college

I study at the Moscow Art and Pedagogical College of Technologies and Design. Our college was founded in 1965. There are four departments in it: sewing, cooking, hairdressing and beauty department.

The administrative staff of the college consists of the director, four assistant-directors and heads of the departments. The college has an experienced teaching staff.

To enter the college candidates have to take entrance examinations. They can prepare for them at the preliminary courses. After passing the examinations with credit they become students.

The tuition at our college lasts three years. The academic year has two terms. Each term ends with examinations, which take place in January and in June. During the academic year students work hard. As a rule they are very busy and have a lot of work to do. Final (state) examinations are taken at the end of course of studies. Then leavers are given diplomas. They become teachers of practice at vocational schools or technologists.

Our students take courses of lectures according to the educational program. Except special subjects they have Philosophy, Economics, Drawing, Equipment, Mathematics, Computing, Foreign language and other subjects. All the students take Physical training too. Classes at college begin at 8 o’clock or at half past nine and are over at half past two or at a quarter past four.

Our students not only study but they also take an active part in the social life of the college. There are a lot of various kinds of extra- curriculum work at college to develop students’ talents. Our best students take part in different professional competitions and festivals and often win prizes.

I like studying at college, work hard and never miss classes or fail examinations. After leaving the college I’d like to work as a practice teacher at a vocational school.

Слова к тексту:

academic year	учебный год
to be founded	быть основанным
department	отделение
sew	шить
sewing	швейное отделение
hairdressing	парикмахерское искусство
beauty department	отделение косметологии
experienced	опытный
teaching staff	преподавательский состав
to take entrance examinations	сдавать вступительные экзамены
course [ko:s]	курс
preliminary courses	подготовительные курсы
to pass examinations with credit	успешно сдать экзамены
tuition	обучение
training	обучение
to last	продолжаться
term	семестр
as a rule	как правило
leaver	выпускник
according	согласно
educational program	образовательная программа
subject	предмет, дисциплина
to take part in	принимать участие в
extra-curriculum work	внеклассная работа
competition	конкурс
to win prizes	завоевать призы
to miss classes	пропускать уроки
to fail examination	провалиться на экзамене

Упражнение 1. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1.Where do you study?

2.What department do you study at?

3.When does the academic year begin?

4.How long does it last?

5.When do students take examinations?

6.How did you become a student of the college?

7.How did you pass entrance examinations?

8.How long does the tuition at college last?

9.What subjects do you study?

10.What is your favourite subject?

11.Do you work hard?

12.Do you take part in the social life of the college?

13.Have you ever taken part in professional competitions?

14.Do you often miss classes?

15.Have you ever failed an examination?

16.Where would you like to work after leaving the college?

Упражнение 2. Расскажите о своём учебном заведении.

MY WORKING DAY

On weekdays the alarm-clock wakes me up at 6.30 and my working day begins. I'm not an early riser, that's why it's very difficult for me to get out of bed, especially in winter. I switch on my tape-recorder and do my morning exercises. Then I go to the bathroom, take a warm shower, clean my teeth and brush my hair. After that I go to my bedroom to get dressed.

Usually my mother makes breakfast for me. But when she is away on business, I make breakfast myself.

I leave the house at 7.30 and go to the bus stop. The college where I study is far enough from my house. It takes me an hour and a half to get there. I go by bus to nearest underground station. The bus is very crowded - rush- hours. Sometimes in the train of underground I am lucky enough to find a seat and to read a book.

I usually have 3-4 lectures a day. The lectures begin at 9.30. At 1 o'clock in the afternoon I have lunch in the college canteen.

I come home at about 5 o'clock in the afternoon. I am very glad if my parents are at home, waiting for me. We have dinner together. Then we sit in the living room, drink tea, watch TV or just talk. By the end of the week I get very tired.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1. Do you get up early? Is it easy for you to get up early?

2. Do you wake up yourself or does an alarm-clock wake you up?

3. Do you do morning exercises? Do you do your morning exercises to music?

4. Which do you prefer: a hot or a cold shower in the morning?

5. How long does it take you to get dressed?

6. What do you usually have for breakfast?

7. Some people look through newspapers or listen to the latest news on the radio while having breakfast. What about you?

8. When do you usually leave the house?

9. Do you work? Where do you work?

10. What do you usually do on your way to work (school, etc.)?

11. Where do you usually have lunch (dinner)?

12. What time do you come home?

13. How do you spend your evenings?

14. What time do you usually go to bed?

MY PROFESSION

What do people go to a hairdresser's for? Certainly, for beauty.

Making people beautiful a hairdresser presents joy to them: ”Service is a Maker of good mood”. A hairdresser must always be in good mood; otherwise all hopes of a client (customer) for good mood will not come true.

A hairdresser should be an emotional, communicative and sociable person. It is necessary to speak to clients to find out their habits, likes and dislikes, to know what they want. In other words, a hairdresser must be a good psychologist.

To be competitive, a hairdresser should create a friendly, welcoming atmosphere that will make clients enjoy their visits to his (her) salon so much they will not want to go to another.

A hairdresser should be willing to learn and keep an open mind, because fashion changes very quickly.

Besides, a hairdresser must be an artist, because a suitable hairdo and a good make-up can underline beautiful features and conceal flaws of the face and even of the figure.

The work of a hairdresser is like the work of an engineer. S/he must have imagination to be able to change his/her clients' image to the best.

At the same time s/he is a doctor - he suggests medical aids for skin and hair treating and curing.

The work of a hairdresser is a constant search for beauty.

Discussion:

1. What do people go to a hairdresser's for?

2. Do you agree that service is a maker of good mood?

3. Why must a hairdresser always be in good mood?

4. Why is it necessary for a hairdresser to speak to clients?

5. What should a hairdresser do to be competitive?

6. Do you think a hairdresser should be willing to learn? Why?

7. Why do you think a hairdresser must be an artist?

8. Why do you like your future profession?

9. When did you decide to become a hairdresser?

10. What do you like in your profession the most?

Words:

to present joy - дарить радость

to be in good осуществляться

otherwise – иначе

sociable – общительный

it is necessary – необходимо

to find out – узнать

habit – привычка

psychologist – психолог

competitive - конкурентоспособный

create – создать

suitable – подходящий

underline – подчеркнуть

conceal – скрывать

flaw – недостаток

imagination – воображение