7. Match the terms of the text with their Russian equivalents.

project manager	жилищное строительство
construction engineer	насыщение
construction manager	промышленное строительство
residential housing construction	очистные сооружения
infrastructure and heavy construction	инженер - строитель
industrial construction	подрядчики
subcontractors	места отдыха и развлечений
saturation	прораб
recreational facilities	главный инженер
sewage treatment plants	нефтеперерабатывающие предприятия
oil refineries	прогнозирование спроса
demand forecasting	строительство инфраструктуры и крупный сооружений
institutional and commercial building construction	строительство государственных и коммерческих учреждений

8. Match the terms with their definitions.

A.___________	the process of preparing for and forming buildings and building systems.
B.___________	construction for non-residential use, primarily for commerce or business.
C.___________	a person (or a business) who is hired by a general contractor (or prime contractor, or main contractor) to perform a specific task as part of the overall project.
D.___________	the activity of estimating the quantity of a product or service that consumers will buy.
E.___________	activity done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure.
F.___________	an industrial plant where oil is processed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum, gasoline etc.

Give your explanations of the terms.

• mechanization

• construction projects

• infrastructure

• highway construction

• technological complexity

• high-rise apartments

9. Arrange the words in the box into four groups.

Multi-family dwellings, retail chain stores, tunnels, large shopping centres drainage systems, steel mills, warehouses and light manufacturing plants, sewage treatment plants, oil refineries, skyscrapers for offices and hotels, coal-fired and nuclear power plants, recreational facilities, medical clinics.

1. Residential Housing Construction: ___________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

2. Institutional and Commercial Building Construction: ___________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

3. Infrastructure and heavy construction: _______________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

4. Specialized industrial construction: ___________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Answer the questions:

1. Who are construction projects usually managed by?

2. What can lead to an increase in residential housing construction?

3. How are infrastructure and heavy construction projects financed?

4. Are there many competitors in institutional and commercial building construction sphere?

5. What is important for demand forecasting in specialized industrial construction?

10. Which types of construction do these phrases characterise?

1. a high degree of mechanization, be financed through bonds or taxes, move the work force, highly specialized engineers;

2. be affected by the state of the economy large scale projects, demand forecasting, to require considerable amount of planning and construction time;

3. be heavily affected by general economic conditions, tax laws, slight increase in total demand, be started at different locations;

4. fewer competitors demand is less sensitive to general economic conditions, higher costs and greater complexity.

11. Speak about the four major types of construction. Use the plan.

• types of buildings and structures;

• jobs used in it;

• economic. aspect