Geometry

Task 1

Can you give definitions to such geometric terms as "a circle", "parallel lines". Compare your ideas with the given above.

A circle is a round straight line with a hole in the middle.

Parallel lines have got so much in common. It’s a shame they never meet!

Note: to have in common – мати щось спільне; it’s a shame! – просто неподобство!

Task 2

Get ready for module text reading. Practice active vocabulary on the topic. Read the words in the left column paying attention to their pronunciation. Find the Ukrainian equivalents in the right column. Spare column is left for your notes.

Geometry To define Volume To be concerned with To apply smth to To spread Intriguing Mysterious To improve on To include Shape Size Earth Relation Point Location Space Dimension Dot To refer to Capital letter To mark Ruler To draw A straight line Line segment Endpoint To extend indefinitely

Поширюватись Точка Відношення Визначати Земля Об’єм Розмір Форма Бути зацікавленим Включати, містити Інтригуючий Покращувати, розвивати Загадковий Геометрія Застосовувати у, до Необмежено Місцезнаходження Поширюватись Простір Кінець відрізка Вимір Крапка Відрізок Називати Пряма лінія Намалювати, накреслити Позначити Велика літера Лінійка

Task 3

Guess what?

1. A branch of mathematics concerned with shape, size, relative position of figures and the properties of space.

2. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry..

3. An instrument used in geometry, technical drawing, printing as well as engineering and building to measure distances or to rule straight lines.

4. Amount of fluid (gas or liquid) that the container could hold and which can be easily calculated using arithmetic formulas.

5. Geometric property of an object or its external boundary (outline, external surface).

6. An indication of how big the object is.

7. The third planet from the Sun.

8. A mark or a dot denoting a geometric object.

9. A sentence starts with it.

10. The shortest distance between two points.

Task 4

Practice for pronunciation. Repeat the words after the teacher. Translate the groups of the derivatives into Ukrainian.

mysterious – mystery – to mystify;

measure – to measure – measurement – measurable – measurability – immeasurable;

to improve – improvable – improvement;

to imagine – imagination – imaginable;

to extend – extensive – extension,

complete – to complete – completion;

to include – to exclude – inclu­sion;

shape – to shape – shapeless – shaping;

to move – movable – immovable;

sun – sunny – sunless;

to refer – reference – referee – referable – referent;

location – to locate – local – locally,

size–sizeless;

between – betweenness;

dimension – dimensional;

com­mon – commonly – commoner – uncommon;

indefinitely – definite – to define;

to land – land – landless.

Task 5

Study the list of countries and nations. Practice pronunciation of the words.

Babilon – Babilonians

Egypt – Egiptians

Greece – Greeks

Ukraine – Ukrainians

Task 6

Study the list of prominent scientists. Practice pronunciation of their names.

Archimedes

Einstein

Euclid

Pythagoras

Riemann

Task 7

Before reading module text listen to the first paragraph of it and say where geometry began and who developed geometrical knowledge?

Task 8

Now listen to the second paragraph and fill in the gaps:

Today 1) … includes not only the study of the 2) … and size of the earth and all things on it, but also the study of relations between geometric 3) … . The most fundamental 4) … in the study of geometry is the idea of a point. A 5) … is an exact loca­tion in space. You cannot see a point, feel a point, or move a point, because it has no dimensions. There are points (locations) on the earth, in the earth, in the 6) … , on the sun, and everywhere in space. In writing we represent the points by dots. Remember the dot is only a picture of a point and not the point itself. Points are commonly referred to by using 7) … letters.

Task 9

Listen to the third paragraph of the text and give English equivalents for the following: планиметрія, стереометрія.

Make use of the list: plane geometry, projective geometry, solid geometry, analytic geometry, differential geometry.

Task 10

Read the text and say what idea is the most fundamental in the study of geometry.