- •I Saw her standing there
- •Moods in modern english
- •The formation of the subjunctive mood
- •The Simple Indicative and Subjunctive Tenses of the verb to be Simple Present
- •Simple Past
- •The Indicative and Subjunctive Tenses of the verb to work Simple Present
- •Present Continuous
- •Present Perfect
- •Present Perfect Continuous
- •Simple Past
- •Past Continuous
- •Past Perfect
- •Past Perfect Continuous
- •The synthetic and analytical forms of the subjunctive mood.
- •The conditional mood
- •The use of the conditionsl mood
- •In sentences and clauses of implied condition
- •The conditional mood in complex sentences
- •Subjunctive II, its forms, the independent use
- •Preference
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Types of conditional sentences
- •If I Had a Donkey
- •If I were King
- •Subjunctive II in conditional sentences
- •Inversion in Conditional sentences
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Types of jobs, choosing a career. On teaching.
- •Subjunctive II in object clauses after the verb to wish
- •Subjunctive II in adverbial clauses of comparison.
- •Subjunctive II in predicative clauses after the verbs of being and seeming.
- •Subjunctive II in attributive clauses after
- •It’s time, it’s high time
- •Topic. Illnesses and their treatment. Medical service in Great Britain.
- •In Case You Get Sick.
- •The suppositional mood and subjunctive I, their forms and use in subject clauses
- •The suppositional mood and subjunctive I in object, predicative and attributive appositive clauses after verbs and nouns denoting suggestion, demand, etc.
- •Attributive clauses
- •The suppositional mood and subjunctive I in subject clauses after it’s necessary (etc.)
- •The suppositional mood, subjunctive I and II in object, predicative and attributive appositive clauses after verbs and expressions denoting fear
- •Topic. London. Sightseeing.
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Subjunctive I and II in adverbial clauses of concession
- •Subjunctive I and II in adverbial clauses of time and place
- •The suppositional mood, subjunctive I and II in adverbial clauses of purpose
- •Topic. Food and meals.
- •Vegetable
- •Revision Exercise
- •Modal verbs
- •The forms could, might, should, would may also denote an unreal action. Most modal verbs are used in three modal meanings: the concrete, the imperative and the suppositional.
- •Modal Verbs due to the degree of certainty
- •I want to take up a course of English.
- •Used to
- •Topic. Higher education in Great Britain. Teacher training in Great Britain. Oxford. Cambridge.
- •Teacher Training in England and Wales
- •Teacher Training in Scotland
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Must in indirect speech
- •Have to
- •Use of modal verbs to express necessity
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Should and Ought
- •Topic. Travelling. Different means of travel. Travelling in your life.
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Modal verbs used in the imperative meaning
- •Modal verbs used in the suppositional meaning
- •Shall and will
- •Modal verbs in preparatory it-clauses and indefinite personal clauses
- •Topic. Theatre going. Theatres in Great Britain.
- •Word From the Director
- •Summarizing Exercises
- •Subjunctive mood
- •Metric conversions Weights
- •Liquid Measures
- •Imperial Metric
- •Phrases for conversational situations
- •Interviewing language
- •Introducing a topic
- •Interrupting
- •Introducing the topic
- •Introducing each section
- •If there’s any justice in the world
- •If I fell in love
- •If I had a hammer
- •If I ruled the world
- •If you were me
Modal verbs used in the imperative meaning
ASPECTS OF THE IMPERATIVE MEANING |
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES |
NEGATIVE SENTENCES |
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES |
PERMISSION |
You can do it. You may do it. |
You needn’t do it. (You don’t have to do it.) |
Can I do it? May I do it? Must I do it? Need I do it? (The speaker asks for permission) |
ADVICE |
You should do it. You ought to do it. |
You should not do it. You ought not to do it. |
--- |
REQUEST |
You might do it. |
--- |
Can you do it? Could you do it? Will you do it? Would you do it? Won’t you do it? Couldn’t you do it? Wouldn’t you do it? (No answer is
required, action only) |
ORDER |
You must do it. You will do it. You are to do it. |
--- |
Shall I do it? |
PROHIBITION |
--- |
You must not do it. You can’t do it. You are not to do it. You may not do it.
|
--- |
Exercise 273. Read the sentences. What do the speakers want to do or ask?
1. Come now, you will obey! 2. She, by all means, is to be home. 3. I think you shouldn’t buy this film, we can rent it. 4. Peter, you can’t just leave your stuff lying all over the floor. 5. Can I be of any service, Madame? 6. You may not carry any sharp metal objects with you. 7. Need I pack your luggage? – No, you needn’t, I’ll pack it myself. 8. Shall I bring the letters, sir? 8. You ought to use hands-on activities to make your classes more vivid. 9. May I please stay for one more night? – Yes, you may, but you must book a hotel room for you tomorrow. 10. You don’t have to send the application yourself, I’ll do it for you. 11. Won’t you sit down? 12. You must follow the group.
Exercise 274. Make up a dialogue in English with Modal Verbs used in the Imperative Meaning. Include as many modals as possible. Present it in class with your fellow-student.
Modal verbs used in the suppositional meaning
Modal Verb |
Russian Equivalent |
PRESENT |
PAST |
FUTURE |
must should ought will would
|
должно быть; по-видимому; вероятно; наверно; конечно |
She must be here.
|
She must have been there. |
--- |
Prices should (ought to) go up. |
--- |
She should (ought to) make a good teacher. |
||
He will (would) be her elder brother. |
She will (would) have already picked them up. |
--- |
||
may might
|
возможно; может быть;
мало-вероятно, но возможно |
She may be free.
|
He may have left.
|
We may meet her there tomorrow.
|
She might be free. |
He might have left. |
We might meet her there tomorrow. |
||
Can it… Could it… |
неужели |
Can it be true?
|
Can he have done it? |
Can she make a good teacher? |
Could it be true? |
Could he have done it? |
Could she make a good teacher? |
||
Can’t Couldn’t
|
не может быть, чтобы |
You can’t be sleepy at 9 p.m. You couldn’t be sleepy at 9 p.m. |
He can’t have done it. He couldn’t have done it. |
She can’t make a good teacher. She couldn’t make a good teacher. |
Exercise 275. Develop the situation. React according to the Model, feel free to add your own details.
Model. She’s 20 minutes late. – She can’t be! She’s always on time. She may have taken the wrong bus. Well, she must be here soon.
1) Jack will never study at college.
2) I don’t feel like going to the party.
3) Sam is going to quit his job soon.
4) They require to introduce a new version of the program.
5) He never came to his exam!
6) I am thinking of selling my car.
7) It was Marie who did it!
8) They said that he is currently away now.
9) Hillary will marry Tom.
10) I saw her shop-lifting!
Exercise 276. Make up a short story in English with Modal Verbs used in the Suppositional Meaning (about your forthcoming summer trip). Include as many modals as possible. Share it in class.