- •I Saw her standing there
- •Moods in modern english
- •The formation of the subjunctive mood
- •The Simple Indicative and Subjunctive Tenses of the verb to be Simple Present
- •Simple Past
- •The Indicative and Subjunctive Tenses of the verb to work Simple Present
- •Present Continuous
- •Present Perfect
- •Present Perfect Continuous
- •Simple Past
- •Past Continuous
- •Past Perfect
- •Past Perfect Continuous
- •The synthetic and analytical forms of the subjunctive mood.
- •The conditional mood
- •The use of the conditionsl mood
- •In sentences and clauses of implied condition
- •The conditional mood in complex sentences
- •Subjunctive II, its forms, the independent use
- •Preference
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Types of conditional sentences
- •If I Had a Donkey
- •If I were King
- •Subjunctive II in conditional sentences
- •Inversion in Conditional sentences
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Types of jobs, choosing a career. On teaching.
- •Subjunctive II in object clauses after the verb to wish
- •Subjunctive II in adverbial clauses of comparison.
- •Subjunctive II in predicative clauses after the verbs of being and seeming.
- •Subjunctive II in attributive clauses after
- •It’s time, it’s high time
- •Topic. Illnesses and their treatment. Medical service in Great Britain.
- •In Case You Get Sick.
- •The suppositional mood and subjunctive I, their forms and use in subject clauses
- •The suppositional mood and subjunctive I in object, predicative and attributive appositive clauses after verbs and nouns denoting suggestion, demand, etc.
- •Attributive clauses
- •The suppositional mood and subjunctive I in subject clauses after it’s necessary (etc.)
- •The suppositional mood, subjunctive I and II in object, predicative and attributive appositive clauses after verbs and expressions denoting fear
- •Topic. London. Sightseeing.
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Subjunctive I and II in adverbial clauses of concession
- •Subjunctive I and II in adverbial clauses of time and place
- •The suppositional mood, subjunctive I and II in adverbial clauses of purpose
- •Topic. Food and meals.
- •Vegetable
- •Revision Exercise
- •Modal verbs
- •The forms could, might, should, would may also denote an unreal action. Most modal verbs are used in three modal meanings: the concrete, the imperative and the suppositional.
- •Modal Verbs due to the degree of certainty
- •I want to take up a course of English.
- •Used to
- •Topic. Higher education in Great Britain. Teacher training in Great Britain. Oxford. Cambridge.
- •Teacher Training in England and Wales
- •Teacher Training in Scotland
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Must in indirect speech
- •Have to
- •Use of modal verbs to express necessity
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Should and Ought
- •Topic. Travelling. Different means of travel. Travelling in your life.
- •Summarizing Exercise
- •Modal verbs used in the imperative meaning
- •Modal verbs used in the suppositional meaning
- •Shall and will
- •Modal verbs in preparatory it-clauses and indefinite personal clauses
- •Topic. Theatre going. Theatres in Great Britain.
- •Word From the Director
- •Summarizing Exercises
- •Subjunctive mood
- •Metric conversions Weights
- •Liquid Measures
- •Imperial Metric
- •Phrases for conversational situations
- •Interviewing language
- •Introducing a topic
- •Interrupting
- •Introducing the topic
- •Introducing each section
- •If there’s any justice in the world
- •If I fell in love
- •If I had a hammer
- •If I ruled the world
- •If you were me
Summarizing Exercise
Exercise 189. Translate into English using your Active Grammar and Active Vocabulary.
1. Раньше я всегда носила однотонную одежду, но сейчас я кардинально изменила свой стиль. 2. Вы не можете пользоваться шпаргалками во время написания проверочной работы. 3. Как ты можешь быть грустным в такой волнующий момент? 4. Я не мог записать фильм, у меня не было чистого диска. 5. Сейчас он так изменился в лучшую сторону! А был таким занудой. 6. Вы можете набрать всего 100 очков. 7. Мог бы и промолчать, чтобы не показывать свою необразованность. 8. Вы сможете указать на недостатки работы руководства на следующем собрании. 9. Сколько же ты можешь сидеть у окна и смотреть отсутствующим взглядом вдаль? Пора тебе приободриться. 10. Не могли бы вы подписать протокол сейчас?
Unit 6
Exercise 190. Consult the dictionary and find the meanings of the following phrasal verbs.
to break down
to break something down
to break in
to break someone in (informal)
to break off
to break something off
to break out
to break through
to break up
to break something up
Exercise 191. Answer the questions. Mind the use of Active Vocabulary.
Do you curl your hair or does it curl naturally?
Which hair do you prefer: curling or straight?
Would you like to have curly hair?
When does a person curl his lip?
Are you in the habit of curling your lip?
Why do people curl up when they sleep?
What is the cosiest way to sit in the armchair?
How does the smoke curl from the chimney when the weather is fine?
What do people usually curl up the corners of the pages in the books for?
Do you often break promises?
Do you easily break with bad habits?
Do you usually feel broken after a Physical Training class?
Why do people sometimes break with their old friends?
What can make you break off?
What names of the literary characters stuck to every-day language?
When is a person told to stick to his/her business?
What would you do if the key stuck in the key-hole of your flat?
Is it difficult to stick to the point while having a discussion?
What would you do if your car stuck in the mud far away from the city?
Can you drive?
What should one do to learn to drive?
What drives you mad?
Are you quick to guess what people are driving at when they give you a hint?
Exercise 192. Read and translate the following drive-safe and prevention-of-accidents signs.
1) This is God’s country. Don’t drive through it like hell.
2) The driver is safer when the road is dry. The road is safer when the driver is dry.
Exercise 193. Translate into English using Active Vocabulary.
A
1. Собака свернулась клубком у ног хозяина. 2. На него нельзя положиться. Он всегда нарушает свои обещания. 3. Ты знаешь, что их помолвка была расторгнута? 4. Когда разразилась эпидемия, местные власти объявили карантин. 5. Разразилась буря, огромные волны захлестывали палубу корабля. 6. Нервный срыв заставил ее совершить самоубийство. 7. Кто сообщит ей эту ужасную новость? 8. Мы работали без перерыва 4 часа. 9. Почему он порвал со своими друзьями из университета? 10. Я забыл наклеить марку на конверт. 11. Он опоздал на занятие, так как застрял в
лифте. 12. Не отвлекайтесь! У вас осталось 5 минут на выполнение этого задания. 13. Целый день лил дождь, дороги были грязными, поэтому машина застряла в грязи. 14. Когда мы подъехали к дому, мы увидели, что все уже было готово для вечеринки. 15. Старушка дремала над книгой. 16. Он приветствовал нас кивком и продолжал пить сок. 17. Я думаю, нам следует посетить развалины замка. 18. Втирайте эту мазь дважды в день, согласно рецепту.
B
1. Я не должна говорить о проблеме прямо, надо просто намекнуть. 2. Запах полевых цветов сводит меня с ума. 3. В парикмахерской она попросила завить волосы на крупные бигуди. 4. Чтобы получить права и стать шофером вам должно быть по крайней мере 18 лет. 5. Недавно она сделала себе химическую завивку, т.к. всегда мечтала иметь кудрявые волосы. 6. Он так любишь кататься по городу в своем автомобиле. – Ничего удивительного, это же шикарный родстер. 7. Он чувствовал себя разбитым после бессонной ночи, проведенной в больнице. 8. Если бы не привычка презрительно кривить рот, у тебя было бы больше друзей. 9. Лектор сделал паузу, и, оглядев зал, увидел, что почти все студенты дремали. 10. Следуя инструкции, он вымыл руки, вытер их насухо и втер мазь в поврежденный участок. 11. К твоему пальто что-то прилипло! – О, нет! Это жвачка. Теперь пальто придется выбросить. Так и разориться недолго. 12. Как бы мы его не уговаривали, он никак не хотел расставаться со своими вредными привычками. 13. Когда он вошел, все внезапно прекратили разговор, и удивленно уставились на него – настолько неожиданным было его появление.
MUST
The modal verb must has only one form (the modal equivalents have to, be obliged to are used to supply the missing forms of the verb must).
Must can be used in the concrete, imperative, and suppositional modal meanings.
1. Must is used in the concrete meaning to express necessity and obligation. In this meaning it can be used in all types of sentences (affirmative, negative and interrogative). Must itself is used only referring to the present or future, its equivalents may be used to express the same idea in the present, past or future.
E.g. I must go there tonight. (надо, нужно)
The absence of necessity is expressed by need not.
2. In the imperative meaning must is used to express order-admonition (urgent/emphatic request), command, and prohibition. Must is used only with the non-perfect infinitive in the meaning.
- order-admonition
E.g. You must come and see my new flat.
- command
E.g. You must leave the room at once.
- strict prohibition (“нельзя”)
E.g. You mustn’t do it!
3. In the suppositional meaning must is used to express probability or supposition bordering on assurance, almost a conviction. It may be used only in affirmative sentences and refers to “должно быть, вероятно”. When it is used with the non-perfect infinitive, it expresses near certainty about the present.
E.g. He must know her. They must be waiting for us.
When it’s used with the perfect infinitive, it expresses near certainty about the past.
E.g. He must have known her. They must have been waiting for us there. She must have done it.
Note 1: Must can’t be used in negative sentences in this meaning. To express supposition in this case, the modal word evidently can be used.
E.g. Evidently, she didn’t know my address.
Note 2: Must can’t be used to express supposition about the future. The modal word probably or the modal expressions be likely, be sure are to be used.
E.g. He’s sure to be here in time. He’s likely to become a teacher. He’ll probably come tomorrow. He’s not likely to come so late.
