
- •Contents
- •U nit 1: Artificial Intelligence
- •Discuss the following questions.
- •Work in small groups. Read the definitions of artificial intelligence outlined in different textbooks.
- •Match the definitions with these categories:
- •What is artificial intelligence? Give your own definition.
- •Look at the statements below. Which one do you agree with more? Tell your partner.
- •Underline the parts of the article which helped you decide on the missing paragraphs, then compare with a partner.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Think of the other heading to the text. Artificial Intelligence
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (unit 1) if necessary.
- •Explain the meaning of the words and phrases.
- •Match the adjectives to the nouns to form collocations from the text.
- •Now, use the collocations to complete the sentences. Use the remaining collocations to make up sentences of your own.
- •Match the words and phrases (1-10) from the text with their definitions (a-j).
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.
- •Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Fill in the blanks with to wherever necessary.
- •Translate the sentences into English. Use the following constructions: "Objective Infinitive Construction" and "For-to-Infinitive Construction".
- •Transform the sentences. Use the Subjective Infinitive Construction. Translate these sentences.
- •Read and translate the suggested sentences. Underline the Infinitive Constructions.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Translate into English.
- •Discuss.
- •Listen and decide whether the facts from the text are true or false.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Match the collocations with the translation. Use these collocations to make up sentences connected with artificial intelligence.
- •Read the article "Swarm Intelligence" (Further Reading, Unit 1). Write a short summary of the text (50-60 words). Follow these steps:
- •Unit 2: Virtually Human
- •According to the text, are these statements true or false?
- •What do the underlined words in the text refer to?
- •Virtually human
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (unit 2) if necessary.
- •Explain the meaning of the words and phrases.
- •Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text. Use each word only once. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.
- •Cross the odd word out.
- •Match the words and phrases with their definitions.
- •Now, use the words above to complete the sentences. Use the remaining words to make up sentences of your own.
- •Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list below.
- •Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Fill in the correct preposition or adverb.
- •Fill in the blanks with to wherever necessary.
- •Transform the sentences. Use the Subjective Infinitive Construction. Translate these sentences.
- •Translate the sentences into English. Use the following constructions: "Objective Infinitive Construction", "For-to-Infinitive Construction" and "Subjective Infinitive Construction".
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Edit the Ukrainian translation (b).
- •U nit 3: Robot making industry
- •Skim the text (Parts 1 and 2) and tell who Ron Diftler, Russ Tedrake, Roderic Grupen are and what they say about robots, robotics and their work. Get a grip. Part 1.
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (Unit 3) if necessary.
- •Explain the meaning of the following phrases.
- •Cross the odd word out.
- •Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text. You may use some words several times. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.
- •Match the words with their translation.
- •Now, use the words above to complete the sentences. Use the remaining words to make up sentences of your own.
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list below.
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Fill in the words in the correct form.
- •Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Look through Mini-Grammar section. Explain what Gerund is using the verbs given below in sentences about your groupmates. Use the given verbs in any tense adding verbs in Gerund.
- •Underline the Gerund in the given function. Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Translate the following paragraphs into English using the Gerund.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •Translate into English. Pay attention to the use of the Infinitive.
- •Think of other words that can be added to such a glossary.
- •Work in pairs. Student a: you are Eduardo Torres-Jara, a developer of Obrero. Student b: You are Aaron Edsinger, one of developers of Domo. Exchange information about your achievements.
- •Work in small groups. You have invented a new robot. Make a short presentation of your robot.
- •Discuss the following quotations in small groups.
- •Unit 4: Smart materials
- •Match the words/phrases (1-6) with the pictures (a-f).
- •Discuss the following questions.
- •Underline the stressed sound in each word as in the example. Practise reading.
- •Read the text "Smart materials". Six sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from sentences a-f the one which fits each gap (1-6).
- •Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Think of the other heading to the text. Smart materials
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (Unit 4) if necessary.
- •Explain the meaning of the words and phrases.
- •Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text. Use each word only once. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.
- •Arrange the following words according to
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Match the words and phrases (1-10) from the text with their definitions (a-j).
- •Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.
- •Match the list of the materials with the categories of the materials. More than one material can be in one category.
- •Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list below.
- •Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Fill in the gaps with the correct adjective from the list.
- •Form the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives. Then find the nouns to these adjectives from the text and make up the sentences using the phrases.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Fill in a, an, the where necessary.
- •Fill in the gaps with upon, by (2), in, of (3).
- •Translate into English. Міняти зимову ґуму на літню більше не доведеться
- •Edit the Ukrainian translation (b).
- •Work in pairs. You are a reporter interviewing a famous physicist. Ask as many questions about smart materials as you can.
- •You are going to prepare a report at the conference "Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering". Find information and prepare reports on one of the topics:
- •Listen and decide whether the facts from the text are true or false.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Unit 5: Smart house
- •Work in pairs. Check if your partner knows Ukrainian equivalents of the words from the list of the English ones.
- •Match the word with its definition. Then give your definition to the words.
- •Find synonyms in the right-hand column to the words in the left-hand column. Translate the words into Ukrainian. If you find any difference in synonyms, explain it.
- •Match the words with their translation.
- •Read the information and think how you would call the “intelligent house”. You can offer any variants to make clear the content.
- •It is interesting to know
- •Cross the odd word out.
- •Now, use the words above to complete the sentences. Mind that some of the words are extra. Use the remaining words to make up sentences of your own.
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Interpret into English using the words and expressions from the text and exercises.
- •Match the parts of sentences and answer the questions given below.
- •Find the right answer to the questions. What can you add to the given answer?
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Correct the mistakes. Mind that every sentence has got two mistakes.
- •Living in a place of his own
- •Unit 6: Internet Communication
- •How the Internet Became a Big Boy
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (Unit 6) if necessary.
- •Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text. Use each word only once. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.
- •Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations.
- •Match the words with their translation.
- •Cross the odd word out.
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Now, use the words above to complete the sentences. Use the remaining words to make up sentences of your own.
- •Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list below.
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.
- •Arrange the following words in the correct order to make sentences. The first word in each sentence has been underlined.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.
- •Fill in the correct preposition.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Underline the Participles. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian.
- •Fill in the Participle II.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •Translate into Ukrainian.
- •You are a social network analyst. Conduct a survey on social networks in Ukraine and be ready with the report. Discuss your results with your classmates.
- •Do you agree with the following statements?
- •Discuss the following questions. Give reasons for your answers.
- •What is Netiquette? Have you ever experienced bad netiquette? Tell your partner what happened.
- •What do you use the Internet for? Rank these points and share your rankings with your partner.
- •Listen to the text “Internet Addiction – a Growing Problem”. Define whether the sentences given below are true or false.
- •Match the following synonyms from the text.
- •Match the following words and phrases (1-10) with (a-j) from the text.
- •Complete this chart to find out if you are an internet addict. Show answers to your partner(s).
- •Read the article "This is Your Space" (Further Reading, unit 4, Text a). Write a summary of the text (130-150 words).
- •Write a list of advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. Use information from the text “Internet: Advantages and Disadvantages of Using It” (Further Reading, unit 4, Text b).
- •Choose a website and think about the questions below:
- •Computer Graphics
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (Unit 7) if necessary.
- •Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text.
- •Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases.
- •Match the words with their translation.
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Use the words from exercise 14 to complete the sentences.
- •Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list below.
- •Fill in the correct preposition.
- •Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. There is one mistake in each sentence.
- •Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Underline the Participle in the functions of attribute and adverbial modifier. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Underline the correct answer.
- •Work in pairs. Student a chooses a task from the list (1-6). Student b chooses the most appropriate graphics software (a-f) for the task. Swap roles.
- •Match the following synonyms from the text.
- •Match the following phrases (1-10) with (a-j) from the text.
- •Further Reading Unit 1 Swarm Intelligence
- •Swarm Intelligence of Ants
- •Swarm Intelligence of Honey Bees
- •Applications of Swarm Intelligence
- •Turing Machines
- •Intelligent Agents
- •In search of a versatile virtual person
- •Unit 3 Get a Grip. Part 2.
- •Unit 4 Characteristics of smart materials and systems
- •Unit 5 The Smart Home – a Vision of the Future
- •This is Your Space
- •Internet: Advantages and Disadvantages of Using It
- •The advantages of Internet
- •The disadvantages of Internet
- •Basic Types of Animation
- •Graphic Models and Engines
- •Mini-Dictionary Unit 1 Artificial Intelligence
- •Virtually Human
- •Unit 3 Robot-making Industry
- •Unit 4 Smart Materials
- •Unit 5 Smart House
- •Internet Communication
- •Unit 7 Computer Graphics and Animation
- •Mini-Grammar The Infinitive Forms of the Infinitive
- •Passive
- •The syntactical functions of the infinitive in the sentense
- •The bare infinitive is used:
- •Constractions with the infinitive
- •The Gerund
- •The functions of the Gerund in the sentence
- •Infinitive vs. Gerund
- •Some verbs may take either Infinitive or Gerund form.
- •The Participle
- •Forms of the Participle
- •The Participle can be used:
- •The Functions of the Participle
- •The Participial Constructions
- •Problem-Solving Unit 1 Artificial Intelligence Quiz
- •Unit 2 Are these statements true or false?
- •Unit 3 How much do you know about robots? Work in pairs. Choose the correct answer.
- •Unit 4 smart materials quiz
- •Unit 6 How well do you know internet slang? Select the most common definition for each term.
- •Unit 7 Graphic Design Quiz
- •Scripts Unit 1 Artificial and Natural Intelligence
- •Unit 3 Mars rovers set to scale heights
- •Unit 4 Piezoelectric materials
- •Unit 5 Something from the History of Home Automation
- •Internet Addiction – a Growing Problem
- •Unit 7 New computer mirrors viewer’s mood
- •References
Fill in a, an, the where necessary.
1) ........ materials are often distinguished by their properties, some of which are intrinsic and some of which are extrinsic. 2) ........ intrinsic property is determined by the molecular structure – essentially 3) ....... chemical composition – of 4) ........ material. As such, the definition of 5) ......... specific material also defines all of itsintrinsic properties. For example, 6) ......... strength is related to the interatomic forces within the molecule in conjunction with the intermolecular forces that form the material structure: 7) .......... higher the forces, 8) ........ greater the strength and hardness of the material.
Fill in the gaps with upon, by (2), in, of (3).
Extrinsic properties are those defined 1) ..... the macro-structure 2) .... the material and as such cannot be directly determined 3) ..... the composition alone. The optical properties of a material − reflectivity, transmissivity, absorptivity − are often extrinsic as are many acoustic properties. Simply polishing the surface 4) .... a metal will produce a substantial change 5) .... its reflectivity. Several extrinsic properties are also dependent 6) ............ the characteristics of the energy fields of their environment. The color of a material is not a property 7) .......... the material per se, as it is completely dependent on the spectral distribution of the incident light.
Translate into English. Міняти зимову ґуму на літню більше не доведеться
К
оманда
німецьких інженерів з Лейпцігського
університету розробила прототип
автомобільної розумної покришки, яка
сама підлаштовується під погоду.
Інгредієнтами такого колеса стали
"м'які датчики, п'єзокерамічні датчики,
сплави з пам'яттю форми і розумні
матеріали", які збирають і обробляють
інформацію про дорожнє покриття і
погодні умови. Потім ці дані використовуються
для зміни форми протектора, щоб на ходу
оптимізувати характеристики. За словами
відповідального за проект професора,
водієві більше не потрібно буде думати
про зміну шин, −
вона сама шина все вирішить за нього.
Інженери наразі запатентували свою
ідею і представили прототип на
Ганноверській ярмарці в Німеччині.
Edit the Ukrainian translation (b).
A
.
Smart planes – intelligent
houses – shape memory textiles – micromachines –
self-assembling structures – color-changing paint – nanosystems.
The vocabulary of the material world has
changed dramatically since 1992, when the first ‘smart
material’ emerged commercially in, of all things, snow skis.
Defined as ‘highly engineered materials that respond intelligently
to their environment’, smart materials have become the ‘go-to’
answer for the 21st century’s technological needs. NASA
is counting on smart materials to spearhead the first
major change in aeronautic technology since the development
of hypersonic flight, and the US Defense Department envisions smart
materials as the linchpin technology behind
the ‘soldier of the future’, who will be equipped with
everything from smart tourniquets to chameleon-like clothing. At the
other end of the application spectrum, toys as
basic as "Play Doh" and equipment as ubiquitous as laser
printers and automobile airbag controls have already incorporated
numerous examples of this technology during the past decade. It
is the stuff of our future even as it has already percolated into
many aspects of our daily lives.
B. Розумні літаки − розумний будинок − з пам'яттю форми текстиль-мікромашин − самоорганізуються структури − зміна кольору фарби − наносистем. Словник матеріальний світ сильно змінився з 1992 року, коли перші "розумні матеріали" з'явилися у продажу в, всіх речей, сніг лижі. Визначається як "високотехнологічних матеріалів, які відповідають розумно до навколишнього середовища, розумні матеріали стали" йти до "відповісти на технологічні потреби 21-го століття. НАСА розраховує на смарт-матеріали, щоб очолити перше велике зміна в авіаційної технології, так як розробка гіперзвукового польоту, і Міністерство оборони США передбачає розумні матеріали, стрижнем технологія, що лежить в "солдата майбутнього", який буде оснащений всім, від розумні турнікети на хамелеона, як одяг. На іншому кінці спектру додатків, іграшки в якості основних, як «Play-Doh і устаткування, всюдисущий, як лазерні принтери та автомобільні подушки безпеки управління вже включені численні приклади цієї технології протягом останніх десяти років. Це речі з нашого майбутнього, навіть, як це вже просочилися в багато аспекти нашого повсякденного життя.
SPEAKING
Dr. Darlene Taylor is assistant professor of chemistry at North Carolina Central University. She explains how she and other like-minded scientists are infusing materials with intelligence. The questions and answers were confused.
Make a dialogue by matching the questions 1−4 to the answers A−C. Role play this dialogue.
Then work in pairs and make up your own dialogue using several questions suggested to Dr. Darlene Taylor.
QUESTIONS:
How can a material be smart?
What are some materials we never knew were smart?
How are smart materials made?
What are some applications of smart materials your lab is exploring?
ANSWERS:
|
I |
|
We are developing a number of copolymers that respond to changes in temperature (they gel), water (they degrade), and reduction-oxidation potentials (they can incorporate fluorescent tags or imaging agents). Our goal is to better understand the structure-property relationship in these materials. Some of the applications we are exploring are improved delivery of drugs to treat uterine fibroids and the creation of solar cells that mimic the photosynthetic properties of plants. |
|
A smart material is one that responds to a change in its environment. Some changes that scientists manipulate include temperature, pressure, pH, electric field or magnetic field. The material is designed to respond to these changes by breaking bonds, changing colors, or becoming more rigid, to name a few examples. |
|
Absorbable sutures, drug-release systems and tissue reconstruction scaffolds are all examples of applications that involve smart materials. For example, stents that degrade over time eliminate the need for post-surgical removal. Eyeglasses that turn to sunglasses in reaction to sunlight are based on photochromic materials that can change color upon exposure to ultraviolet illumination. Prototype smart sunglasses also are being developed in laboratories by coating the lens with a smart polymer, allowing the color to change when a switch powered by a watch battery sends an electrical current through the smart material. Smart garments can include electroluminescence where the clothing can actually light up, and a smart second-skin that can cool you when you are hot and keep you warm when you are cold. Clothes also can be made to become rigid or loose on command, allowing the wearer to cool down or heat up. The company REI sells some of these latter temperature-controlling fabrics now. |