Correct the mistakes.
Called the Virtual Lung, the model can use to help evaluate a patient’s condition and select the best drug and delivery method, the researchers say.
The Virtual Lung is now testing in clinical trials in Canada and the United Kingdom, where it’s being used to customize the delivery of drugs in patients with respiratory-tract diseases, such as asthma and emphysema.
“I wanted to use computers do what they do best, which is to run thousands of possible [treatment options] to customize drug-delivery protocols in real time,” Martonen says.
“I’d like see the day when a doctor has a stethoscope in one pocket and a floppy disk with our program on it in the other.”
As the processing speed of computers increase, programmers can broaden the potential applications of their models by refining existing capabilities and adding new ones.
Nothing illustrates these phenomenon better than Jack, a program that helps engineers assess workplaces according to issues such as ergonomics and potential for causing injury.
Translate into Ukrainian.
Biomedical science and its allied disciplines are entering a new era in which computational methods and technologies are poised to play a prevalent role in supporting collaborative investigation of the human body. Within Europe, this has its focus in the virtual physiological human (VPH), which is an evolving entity that has emerged from the EuroPhysiome initiative and the strategy for the EuroPhysiome (STEP) consortium. The VPH is intended to be a solution to common infrastructure needs for physiome projects across the globe, providing a unifying architecture that facilitates integration and prediction, ultimately creating a framework capable of describing Homo sapiens in silico. The routine reliance of the biomedical industry, biomedical research and clinical practice on information technology (IT) highlights the importance of a tailor-made and robust IT infrastructure, but numerous challenges need to be addressed if the VPH is to become a mature technological reality. Appropriate investment will reap considerable rewards, since it is anticipated that the VPH will influence all sectors of society, with implications predominantly for improved healthcare, improved competitiveness in industry and greater understanding of (patho)physiological processes.
Edit the Ukrainian translation (b).
Anatomists
and biochemists have created a detailed virtual view of vital organs
in the human body, down to the level of tissues and cells. The
software recreates the visualization from a combination of
illustrations, knowledge of molecular cell structures, and an
understanding of the body. So far researchers have modeled the
liver, kidneys and heart and plan on continuing building images of
the entire body and then build images of diseases in a virtual
environment.Анатомів і біохіміки створили детальний віртуальний погляд життєво важливих органів в організмі людини, аж до рівня тканин і клітин. Програма відтворює візуалізації з комбінації ілюстрацій, знання молекулярних клітинних структур, і розуміння тіла. До цих пір дослідники змоделювали на печінку, нирки і серце, і план по продовженню будівлі зображення всього тіла, а потім побудувати зображення хвороб у віртуальному середовищі.
SPEAKING
You work in the laboratory together with Clay Easterly. What do you think about the idea to create a Virtual Human?
You are asked to prepare a report on the topic: "Virtual Human". Make a plan to your report and tell about the Virtual Human.
Role play a conversation. You are a scientist and now you are being intervied by a journalist. The journalist ask you about the creation of the Virtual Human. Tell him/her about the achievements and the perspectives of your project.
Do you agree with the statements:
"Eventual uses of the Virtual Human are as undefined now as the Internet's impact was in the early "90s.".
"The Virtual Human will be a massive, but immensely valuable, undertaking"
What do you know about "virtual reality"?
Is "virtual reality" linked with "virtual human"? Give your explanations.
In pairs ask and answer questions based on the text " In search of a versatile virtual person".
You've decided to take part in the conference and prepare a presentation on the topic: "The Role of Virtual Humans in Virtual Environment Technology and Interfaces".
LISTENING
You are going to listen to some information about automatic modeling of virtual humans and body clothing. Before you listen, check if you know the meaning of the words: to encounter, intervention, to capture, interpolation, leverage.
Listen and decide whether the facts from the text are true or false.
The author gives preferences to two approaches of human body modeling.
The disadvantage of the creative methodology is that it needs considerable user intervention.
With the help of the reconstructive approach it is easy to change resulting models.
The interpolated approach is not so popular as the creative and reconstructive ones.
Complete the sentences.
Realistic human body modeling requires .........................
Much work has been devoted to the reconstructive approach .........................
Some systems use 2D images .........................
The third major category, interpolated modeling, .........................
What are the main advantages and disadvantages of the suggested approaches?
WRITING
Write an abstract (4-6 sentences) in English to the article "Virtual Human". You may use the suggested phrases: the article is devoted to …, this article concentrates on ..., it is shown ..., it is reported ..., it is studied ..., the results show ..., the author pays attention to ..., the author suggests ....
Make up 5 sentences using the different Infinitive Constructions.
Write a composition on the topic "A virtual necessity". Use phrasal verbs from exercise 21.
PROBLEM-SOLVING
Read and say if the statements true or false (see Problem-Solving to Unit 2).