- •Contents
- •U nit 1: Artificial Intelligence
- •Discuss the following questions.
- •Work in small groups. Read the definitions of artificial intelligence outlined in different textbooks.
- •Match the definitions with these categories:
- •What is artificial intelligence? Give your own definition.
- •Look at the statements below. Which one do you agree with more? Tell your partner.
- •Underline the parts of the article which helped you decide on the missing paragraphs, then compare with a partner.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Think of the other heading to the text. Artificial Intelligence
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (unit 1) if necessary.
- •Explain the meaning of the words and phrases.
- •Match the adjectives to the nouns to form collocations from the text.
- •Now, use the collocations to complete the sentences. Use the remaining collocations to make up sentences of your own.
- •Match the words and phrases (1-10) from the text with their definitions (a-j).
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.
- •Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Fill in the blanks with to wherever necessary.
- •Translate the sentences into English. Use the following constructions: "Objective Infinitive Construction" and "For-to-Infinitive Construction".
- •Transform the sentences. Use the Subjective Infinitive Construction. Translate these sentences.
- •Read and translate the suggested sentences. Underline the Infinitive Constructions.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Translate into English.
- •Discuss.
- •Listen and decide whether the facts from the text are true or false.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Match the collocations with the translation. Use these collocations to make up sentences connected with artificial intelligence.
- •Read the article "Swarm Intelligence" (Further Reading, Unit 1). Write a short summary of the text (50-60 words). Follow these steps:
- •Unit 2: Virtually Human
- •According to the text, are these statements true or false?
- •What do the underlined words in the text refer to?
- •Virtually human
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (unit 2) if necessary.
- •Explain the meaning of the words and phrases.
- •Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text. Use each word only once. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.
- •Cross the odd word out.
- •Match the words and phrases with their definitions.
- •Now, use the words above to complete the sentences. Use the remaining words to make up sentences of your own.
- •Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list below.
- •Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Fill in the correct preposition or adverb.
- •Fill in the blanks with to wherever necessary.
- •Transform the sentences. Use the Subjective Infinitive Construction. Translate these sentences.
- •Translate the sentences into English. Use the following constructions: "Objective Infinitive Construction", "For-to-Infinitive Construction" and "Subjective Infinitive Construction".
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Edit the Ukrainian translation (b).
- •U nit 3: Robot making industry
- •Skim the text (Parts 1 and 2) and tell who Ron Diftler, Russ Tedrake, Roderic Grupen are and what they say about robots, robotics and their work. Get a grip. Part 1.
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (Unit 3) if necessary.
- •Explain the meaning of the following phrases.
- •Cross the odd word out.
- •Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text. You may use some words several times. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.
- •Match the words with their translation.
- •Now, use the words above to complete the sentences. Use the remaining words to make up sentences of your own.
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list below.
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Fill in the words in the correct form.
- •Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Look through Mini-Grammar section. Explain what Gerund is using the verbs given below in sentences about your groupmates. Use the given verbs in any tense adding verbs in Gerund.
- •Underline the Gerund in the given function. Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Translate the following paragraphs into English using the Gerund.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •Translate into English. Pay attention to the use of the Infinitive.
- •Think of other words that can be added to such a glossary.
- •Work in pairs. Student a: you are Eduardo Torres-Jara, a developer of Obrero. Student b: You are Aaron Edsinger, one of developers of Domo. Exchange information about your achievements.
- •Work in small groups. You have invented a new robot. Make a short presentation of your robot.
- •Discuss the following quotations in small groups.
- •Unit 4: Smart materials
- •Match the words/phrases (1-6) with the pictures (a-f).
- •Discuss the following questions.
- •Underline the stressed sound in each word as in the example. Practise reading.
- •Read the text "Smart materials". Six sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from sentences a-f the one which fits each gap (1-6).
- •Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Think of the other heading to the text. Smart materials
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (Unit 4) if necessary.
- •Explain the meaning of the words and phrases.
- •Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text. Use each word only once. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.
- •Arrange the following words according to
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Match the words and phrases (1-10) from the text with their definitions (a-j).
- •Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.
- •Match the list of the materials with the categories of the materials. More than one material can be in one category.
- •Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list below.
- •Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Fill in the gaps with the correct adjective from the list.
- •Form the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives. Then find the nouns to these adjectives from the text and make up the sentences using the phrases.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Fill in a, an, the where necessary.
- •Fill in the gaps with upon, by (2), in, of (3).
- •Translate into English. Міняти зимову ґуму на літню більше не доведеться
- •Edit the Ukrainian translation (b).
- •Work in pairs. You are a reporter interviewing a famous physicist. Ask as many questions about smart materials as you can.
- •You are going to prepare a report at the conference "Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering". Find information and prepare reports on one of the topics:
- •Listen and decide whether the facts from the text are true or false.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Unit 5: Smart house
- •Work in pairs. Check if your partner knows Ukrainian equivalents of the words from the list of the English ones.
- •Match the word with its definition. Then give your definition to the words.
- •Find synonyms in the right-hand column to the words in the left-hand column. Translate the words into Ukrainian. If you find any difference in synonyms, explain it.
- •Match the words with their translation.
- •Read the information and think how you would call the “intelligent house”. You can offer any variants to make clear the content.
- •It is interesting to know
- •Cross the odd word out.
- •Now, use the words above to complete the sentences. Mind that some of the words are extra. Use the remaining words to make up sentences of your own.
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Interpret into English using the words and expressions from the text and exercises.
- •Match the parts of sentences and answer the questions given below.
- •Find the right answer to the questions. What can you add to the given answer?
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Correct the mistakes. Mind that every sentence has got two mistakes.
- •Living in a place of his own
- •Unit 6: Internet Communication
- •How the Internet Became a Big Boy
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (Unit 6) if necessary.
- •Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text. Use each word only once. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.
- •Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations.
- •Match the words with their translation.
- •Cross the odd word out.
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Now, use the words above to complete the sentences. Use the remaining words to make up sentences of your own.
- •Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list below.
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.
- •Arrange the following words in the correct order to make sentences. The first word in each sentence has been underlined.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.
- •Fill in the correct preposition.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Underline the Participles. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian.
- •Fill in the Participle II.
- •Correct the mistakes.
- •Translate into Ukrainian.
- •You are a social network analyst. Conduct a survey on social networks in Ukraine and be ready with the report. Discuss your results with your classmates.
- •Do you agree with the following statements?
- •Discuss the following questions. Give reasons for your answers.
- •What is Netiquette? Have you ever experienced bad netiquette? Tell your partner what happened.
- •What do you use the Internet for? Rank these points and share your rankings with your partner.
- •Listen to the text “Internet Addiction – a Growing Problem”. Define whether the sentences given below are true or false.
- •Match the following synonyms from the text.
- •Match the following words and phrases (1-10) with (a-j) from the text.
- •Complete this chart to find out if you are an internet addict. Show answers to your partner(s).
- •Read the article "This is Your Space" (Further Reading, unit 4, Text a). Write a summary of the text (130-150 words).
- •Write a list of advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. Use information from the text “Internet: Advantages and Disadvantages of Using It” (Further Reading, unit 4, Text b).
- •Choose a website and think about the questions below:
- •Computer Graphics
- •Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Use the Mini-Dictionary (Unit 7) if necessary.
- •Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text.
- •Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases.
- •Match the words with their translation.
- •Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Use the words from exercise 14 to complete the sentences.
- •Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list below.
- •Fill in the correct preposition.
- •Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.
- •Choose the correct answer.
- •Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.
- •Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. There is one mistake in each sentence.
- •Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Underline the Participle in the functions of attribute and adverbial modifier. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Underline the correct answer.
- •Work in pairs. Student a chooses a task from the list (1-6). Student b chooses the most appropriate graphics software (a-f) for the task. Swap roles.
- •Match the following synonyms from the text.
- •Match the following phrases (1-10) with (a-j) from the text.
- •Further Reading Unit 1 Swarm Intelligence
- •Swarm Intelligence of Ants
- •Swarm Intelligence of Honey Bees
- •Applications of Swarm Intelligence
- •Turing Machines
- •Intelligent Agents
- •In search of a versatile virtual person
- •Unit 3 Get a Grip. Part 2.
- •Unit 4 Characteristics of smart materials and systems
- •Unit 5 The Smart Home – a Vision of the Future
- •This is Your Space
- •Internet: Advantages and Disadvantages of Using It
- •The advantages of Internet
- •The disadvantages of Internet
- •Basic Types of Animation
- •Graphic Models and Engines
- •Mini-Dictionary Unit 1 Artificial Intelligence
- •Virtually Human
- •Unit 3 Robot-making Industry
- •Unit 4 Smart Materials
- •Unit 5 Smart House
- •Internet Communication
- •Unit 7 Computer Graphics and Animation
- •Mini-Grammar The Infinitive Forms of the Infinitive
- •Passive
- •The syntactical functions of the infinitive in the sentense
- •The bare infinitive is used:
- •Constractions with the infinitive
- •The Gerund
- •The functions of the Gerund in the sentence
- •Infinitive vs. Gerund
- •Some verbs may take either Infinitive or Gerund form.
- •The Participle
- •Forms of the Participle
- •The Participle can be used:
- •The Functions of the Participle
- •The Participial Constructions
- •Problem-Solving Unit 1 Artificial Intelligence Quiz
- •Unit 2 Are these statements true or false?
- •Unit 3 How much do you know about robots? Work in pairs. Choose the correct answer.
- •Unit 4 smart materials quiz
- •Unit 6 How well do you know internet slang? Select the most common definition for each term.
- •Unit 7 Graphic Design Quiz
- •Scripts Unit 1 Artificial and Natural Intelligence
- •Unit 3 Mars rovers set to scale heights
- •Unit 4 Piezoelectric materials
- •Unit 5 Something from the History of Home Automation
- •Internet Addiction – a Growing Problem
- •Unit 7 New computer mirrors viewer’s mood
- •References
Міністерство освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України
Національний технічний університет України
«Київський політехнічний інститут»
АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА ЗАГАЛЬНОТЕХНІЧНОГО СПРЯМУВАННЯ
Частина І
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ІІ КУРСУ
ФІЗИКО-ТЕХНІЧНОГО ІНСТИТУТУ
(електронне видання)
Синекоп О.С., Приходько Д.С., Конопленко Л.О., Медкова О.М.
ENGLISH FOR THE 2-nd YEAR STUDENTS
OF THE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY
PART I
Рекомендовано Методичною радою НТУУ "КПІ"
Київ 2012
Англійська мова загальнотехнічного спрямуваня. Частина І. = English for the 2-nd year students of the Institute of Physics and Technology. Part I. : навч. посіб. для студентів І курсу Фізико-технічного інституту / Синекоп О.С., Конопленко Л.О., Приходько Д.С., Медкова О.М. – К. : НТУУ "КПІ", – 2012. – 178 с.
Гриф надано Методичною радою НТУУ "КПІ"
(Протокол № __ від ....2013 р.)
Автори: |
Синекоп О.С., Конопленко Л.О., Приходько Д.С., Медкова О.М. |
Відповідальний редактор: |
Ярмоленко О.А. |
Рецензенти: |
Асоянц П.Г., к.т.н., професор кафедри інформаційних технологій Київського національного лінгвістичного університету Струтинська О.В., к.пед.н., доцент кафедри теоретичних основ інформатики Інституту інформатики Національного педагогічного університету імені М.П. Драгоманова Козьміна Н.А., старший викладач кафедри англійської мови технічного спрямування №1 факультету лінгвістики НТУУ «КПІ» Корбут О.Г., старший викладач кафедри англійської мови технічного спрямування №2 факультету лінгвістики НТУУ «КПІ» |
У навчальному посібнику представлені сім англомовних оригінальних текстів з розробленим методичним забезпеченням у рамках загально технічної тематики. Зокрема, студентам запропонована така тематика, як штучний інтелект, віртуальна людина, робототехніка, розумні матеріали, розумний будинок, інтернет та графіка.
Навчальний посібник призначений для студентів другого курсу Фізико-технічного інституту рівня володіння мовою − незалежний користувач (B1 − просунутий).
Розроблений навчальний посібник сприятиме систематизації іншомовного навчального матеріалу, формуванню навичок, розвитку і вдосконаленню вмінь у аудіюванні, читанні, говорінні, письмі та перекладі; підвищенню ефективності організації навчання іноземної мови у аудиторний і позааудиторний час, а також поглибленню знань у рамках загальнотехнічних дисциплін.
Contents
Unit 1: Artificial Intelligence 3
Unit 2: Virtually Human 23
Unit 3: Robot making industry 39
Unit 4: Smart materials 59
Unit 5: Smart house 79
Unit 6: Internet Communication 94
Further Reading 132
Unit 1 132
Unit 2 136
Unit 3 137
Unit 4 139
Unit 5 141
Unit 6 142
Unit 7 145
Mini-Dictionary 148
Unit 1 148
Unit 2 148
Unit 3 149
Unit 4 150
Unit 5 151
Unit 6 151
Unit 7 152
Mini-Grammar 154
The Infinitive 154
The Gerund 157
The Participle 160
Unit 1 164
Unit 2 166
Unit 3 166
Unit 4 167
Unit 6 169
Unit 7 170
Scripts 172
Unit 1 172
Unit 2 172
Unit 3 173
Unit 4 174
Unit 5 175
Unit 6 175
Unit 7 176
References 177
U nit 1: Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the mimicking імітує of human thought and cognitive processes to solve complex problems.
Richard Stottler
Today's AI is about new ways of connecting people to computers, people to knowledge, people to the physical world, and people to people.
Patrick Winston
WARM-UP
Discuss the following questions.
Can machines think?
Can machines behave поводитися intelligently?
What can machines do today?
Work in small groups. Read the definitions of artificial intelligence outlined in different textbooks.
Match the definitions with these categories:
Systems that act like humans. Системи, які діють як люди.
Systems that think like humans. Системи, думати, як люди
Systems that act rationally. Системи, які діють раціонально
Systems that think rationally.
_ Systems that act like humans. "The exciting new effort захоплюючих нових зусиль to make computers think . . . machines with minds, in the full and literal sense буквальному сенсі ". (Haugeland, 1985)
"[The automation of] activities that we associate with human thinking, activities діяльність such as decision-making прийняття рішення, problem solving, learning . . . ". (Bellman, 1978)
. _____ Systems that think rationally ____. "The study of mental faculties through розумових здібностей через the use of computational models обчислювальні моделі". (Charniak and McDermott, 1985)
"The study of the computations that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act perceive, reason, and act ". (Winston, 1992)
___ Systems that think like humans _________. "The art of creating machines that perform functions виконувати функції that require вимагати intelligence when performed by people". (Kurzweil, 1990)
"The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better". (Rich and Knight, 1991)
___ Systems that act rationally ___. "A field of study that seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behavior in terms of computational processes" Область досліджень, яка прагне пояснити і наслідувати розумна поведінка з точки зору обчислювальних процесів ". (Schalkoff, 1990)
"The branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of intelligent behavior". (Luger and Stubblefield, 1993)
Fill in the gaps in the sentences with letters (A), (B), (C), (D) and words rationality, behavior, performance, reasoning below. раціональність,поведінка,продуктивність,міркування
The definitions (__A_) and (__D_) are concerned with ___ behavior ____, whereas (__B_) and (__C_) address ____ _ performance,____. The definitions (_A__) and (_C__) measure success in terms of human ___ reasoning _______, whereas (_B_) and (__D_) measure ideal concept of intelligence called ______ rationality,______.