V Translate from English into Russian.

1. A computer will only work if it is switched on. So the first thing you must do, is switch it on.

2. Should you need a password to gain access, you must keep it to yourself, otherwise someone else might access your personal information.

3. If you must keep copies of your personal files, you should transfer them onto a compact or floppy disk and keep it in a safe place.

4. You should save any files before you exit a program, otherwise the

information on which you are working may be lost.

5. Should you have difficulty gaining access to an Internet site, don’t give up.

Keep trying.

6. Should you receive emails from strangers, you must never give them your

personal details.

7. You must remember that computers are not as intelligent as the people

who use them. You should always be confident in your own ability to solve

a problem.

8. It is said that everything you type into a computer is stored somewhere in its

memory. So if you accidentally lose something important, a software

engineers should be able to retrieve it for you.

9. Working with computers that don’t do what you want them to can be stressful. You should not despair. Ask someone who knows.

10. You must remember that too much use of the computer may aggravate your eyesight.

VI Translate from Russian into English.

1. Вы должны научиться пользоваться Интернетом для проведения

исследований, заданных в классе.

2. Вы должны всегда выключать компьютер, если не будете работать на нём ближайшие несколько часов.

3. Не следует доверять всем рекламным объявлениям, которые Вы получаете по электронной почте.

4. Не отключайте от сети компьютер, не выключив его.

5. Вам следует найти информацию в Интернете, используя поисковую систему.

6. Вам нет необходимости учиться программировать в HTML для того, чтобы оформлять веб-страницы.

7. Выключите компьютер, выбирая опцию «Выключение».

8. Вам не нужно отправлять свой ответ, если Вы не уверены, что он будет полезен.

Unit 13 The World Wide Web Time clauses

What is the relationship between each of these pairs of actions? 1. a You click on a URL. b Your browser sends it to a DNS server. 2. a The packets are passed from router to router. b They reach the Web server. 3. a The packets may travel by different routes. b They reach the Web server. 4. a The individual packets reach the Web server. b They are put back together again. Each pair of actions is linked in time. We can show how actions are linked in time by using time clauses. For example: We can use when to show that one action happens immediately after another action: 1. When you click on a URL, your browser sends it to a DNS server. We can use once in place of when to emphasise the completion of the first action. It

often occurs with the Present perfect. For example: Once the DNS server has found the IP address, it sends the address back to the browser. We can use until to link an action and the limit of that action: 2. The packets are passed from router to router until they reach the Web server. We can use before to show that one action precedes another: 3. The packets may travel by different routes before they reach the Web server. If the subjects are the same in both actions, we can use a participle: The packets may travel by different routes before reaching the Web server. We can use as to link two connected actions happening at the same time: 4. As the individual packets reach the Web server, they are put back together again.