
- •Росжелдор
- •Unit 1 railway and motorway engineering structures
- •First, scan the text and then read it more carefully
- •1.2 Give the equivalents in Russian of the following terms
- •1.3 What are the English equivalents of the following Russian terms?
- •1.4 Complete and translate the following sentences using the word list
- •1.5 Translate into English the following sentences
- •1.6 Match the English and Russian terms
- •1.7 Answer the following questions
- •1.8 Render the text according to your plan and give the names of most famous railway and motorway engineering structures in Russia and abroad Unit 2 bridge crossing and its components
- •2.1 Read the following text and make a plan for it
- •Superstructure (пролётное строение); 2 – Pier (опора); 3 – Abutment (устой);
- •2.2 Give the Russian equivalents of the following terms
- •2.3 Give the English equivalents of the following terms
- •2.4 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •2.5 Translate into English the following sentences
- •2.6 Match the words in column a with column b
- •2.7 Read the questions and see if you can answer them
- •2.8 Render the text according to your plan Unit 3 bridge classification
- •3.1 Read the text and make up a bridgework glossary in Russian
- •3.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •3.3 Find the English equivalents to the following Russian terms
- •3.4 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •3.5 Translate into English the following sentences
- •3.6 Answer the questions
- •3.7 Describe different bridge structures according to their structural design using the terminology below
- •Unit 4 bridges of moscow
- •4.1 Read the text to have a basic notion of bridges in the capital of Russia.
- •4.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •4.3 Find the English equivalents to the following Russian terms:
- •4.4 Match English and Russian bridge terminology:
- •4.5 Complete and translate the sentences using the following terms
- •4.6 Translate into English the following sentences
- •4.7 Answer the following questions
- •4.8 Render the text according to your plan Unit 5 bridges of st petersburg
- •5.1 Have you ever been to St Petersburg? If so, try to complement the text with your own information. If not, try to enhance your professional range of knowledge
- •5.10 Translate the text into English
- •Unit 6 timber and masonry bridges
- •6.1 Read the text about different building materials. Compare them and say which one is more suitable for permanent or temporary structures
- •6.6 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •6.7 Translate the following sentences into English
- •6.8 Give a reason to support what you say answering to these questions
- •6.9 Express your ideas about the building qualities of stone and wood Unit 7 reinforced concrete bridges
- •7.1 Read the text and learn the terminology using the list of words
- •7.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •7.3 Find the English equivalents to the following Russian terms
- •7.4 Make up the questions to the following answers
- •7.5 Complete and translate the following sentences using the Word list
- •7.6 Translate the following sentences into English
- •7.7 Discuss the following questions
- •Unit 8 metal bridges
- •8.1 Think of different building materials and answer the following questions
- •8.2 Read the text and check your answers. How much did you guess correctly?
- •8.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •8.4 What are the English equivalents for the following Russian terms?
- •8.5 Say whether these statements are true
- •8.6 Match the Russian and English terms
- •8.7 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •8.8 Translate the following sentences into English
- •Unit 9 bridges of great britain
- •9.1 Read the text and improve your knowledge of foreign experiences in bridge building
- •9.2 Tell the story of the Old London Bridge using the following terms
- •9.3 Read the text about famous London bridges and tell about them
- •9.4 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •9.5 Read the text about the most astonishing British bridges and tell about them
- •9.6 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •9.7 Complete and translate the following text
- •9.8 Complete the following sentences using your own ideas
- •9.9 Answer the following questions
- •9.10 Translate the text into English
- •10.1 After reading the text, prove the idea that suspension structures are the safest among bridgeworks
- •10.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •10.3 Make up examples with the terms describing a suspension structure
- •10.4 Choose which statements are true
- •10.5 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •10.6 Translate the following sentences into English
- •10.7 Answer the following questions
- •10.8 Describe the Golden Gate Bridge using the following information
- •10.9 Consult this list of bridge terminology while doing the exercises
- •Unit 11 bridges of novosibirsk
- •11.1 Having read the text, complete the information with details you may notice in the pictures
- •11.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •11.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •11.4 Match the English and Russian terms
- •11.5 Translate the following sentences into English
- •11.6 Answer the following questions
- •11.7 What bridge across the Ob River do you prefer and why? Express your opinion using the following word combinations
- •11.8 Describe your “dream bridge”. Do you have any ideas that will surprise your classmates? Think of a place for “your” bridge. Unit 12 bridge or tunnel?
- •12.1 Read the text and give your reasons for making a choice between a bridge and a tunnel
- •12.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •12.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •12.4 Complete and translate the following sentences using the word list
- •12.5 Translate the following sentences into English
- •12.6 Think over the problems and give your reasons for the right solution
- •12.7 Read this interview and make up your own dialogue using the following expressions
- •Unit 13 construction of supports and foundations
- •13.1 Read the text to get a clear idea of building materials and construction technologies for piers and foundations. Go down the word list and take note of professional terminology.
- •13.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •13.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •13.4 Translate the following information into Russian, consulting the terminology list and using the word combinations given below
- •13.5 Translate the following information into English using the terminology list
- •13.6 Give your reasons to support the answers to these questions
- •Unit 14 superstructure construction
- •14.1 Read the text and pay attention to the differences in the various techniques of superstructure construction
- •14.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •14.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •14.4 Complete and translate the following sentences using the terminology from previous text and the word list (14.6)
- •14.5 Translate the following sentences into English
- •14.6 Find the relevant information in the texts to answer these questions
- •14.7 Describe superstructure construction methods using the following word combinations
- •Unit 15 construction of suspension and cable-stayed bridges
- •15.1 Read the text and pay attention to the peculiarities of suspension superstructure construction
- •15.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •15.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •15.4 Complete and translate the sentences using the following words
- •15.5 Translate the following sentences into English
- •15.6 Find the relevant information in the texts to answer these questions
- •15.7 Describe superstructure construction methods. Remember the following word combinations
- •Unit 16 bridge maintenance
- •16.1 Read the text and make a list of the main ideas you should remember as a future bridge builder
- •16.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms:
- •16.3 Find the English equivalents for the following Russian terms
- •16.4 Match the equivalents
- •16.5 Complete the following sentences
- •16.6 Read the text and find the equivalents for the following terms
- •16.7 Translate the following sentences into English using terminology from this unit
- •16.8 Find the answers to these questions in the text
- •16.9 Role-play. “On-site review and visual inspection of the bridge components”
- •Unit 17 tunnel classification
- •17.1 Read the text and make a list of tunneling terminology
- •17.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •17.3 Find the English equivalents for the following Russian terms
- •17.4 Complete and translate the following sentences using the Word list.
- •8 Side Wall Drift (боковая штросса); 9 – Lining (обделка тоннеля);
- •– Tunnel Foot (подошва тоннеля)
- •17.5 Translate the following sentences into English using terminology from the texts. Tell a partner what you found most interesting
- •17.5 Answer the questions using the information from the text and your own ideas
- •17.6 Describe any tunnel using the information model from the following.
- •Unit 18 construction methods of tunnels
- •18.1 Read the text and define recent trends in unneling
- •18.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •18.3 Find the English equivalents for the following Russian terms
- •18.4 Complete the following sentences using the word list and translate them
- •18.5 Translate the following sentences into English using terminology from previous texts
- •18.6 Make up the answers to these questions. Use the Word list
- •18.7 Read the dialogue below and retell it with a partner
- •18.8 Disagree with each statement
- •Unit 19 shield tunnelling
- •19.1 Read the text to have an idea of state-of-the-art tbm’s
- •Figure 19. 7 Technological Process by the Slurry Shield Complex
- •19.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •19.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms
- •19.4 Complete and translate the following sentences using the list of word combinations below
- •19.5 Complete the following sentences using your own ideas and the Word list below.
- •19.6 Translate the sentences into English
- •19.7 Answer the following questions
- •Unit 20 general idea of the metro
- •20.1 Read the text and find out peculiarities in the underground railway systems of different countries
- •20.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •20.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms from the text
- •20.4 Complete and translate the sentences using the following words and word combinations
- •20.6 Think of the answers and give a reason to support what you say
- •20.7 Complete the following sentences in a suitable way
- •20.8 Discuss the ideas expressed by these two engineers suggesting their solution of public transport development in modern cities
- •Unit 21 the novosibirsk metro
- •21.1 Read the text and complement it with more details from the history and present-day operation of the Novosibirsk Metro
- •21.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •21.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms
- •21.4 Complete the sentences using the following words and render this text in English
- •21.5 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •21.6 Discuss the following questions
- •21.7 Read the dialogue and compose your own conversation with a partner. Use the words and expressions from the model
- •21.8 Try to guess the meaning of the following word combination
- •21.10 Ask each other questions to test your knowledge of the unit Unit 22 structures in the underground
- •22.1 Read the text consulting the Word list for better understanding
- •22.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •22.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms from the text
- •22.4 Translate the sentences using the necessary English equivalents.
- •22.5 Translate the sentences into English paing attention to relevant terminology
- •22.6 Choose which statement is true
- •22.7 Discuss the following questions
- •Unit 23 tunnel maintenance
- •23.1 Having read the text try to prove the idea that tunnel maintenance is much more expensive compared to bridge maintenance. Give your reasons
- •23.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •23.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms
- •23.4 Complete the sentences using the following words
- •23.5 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •23.6 Answer the questions
- •Unit 24 сollapse of bridges and tunnels
- •24.1 Read the text, try to guess the meaning of the words you do not know, and then analyze how many meanings you can guess correctly or nearly correctly
- •24.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •24.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms
- •24.4 Complete the sentences using the following words and translate them into Russian
- •24.5 Translate the sentences into English paying attention to relevant terminology
- •24.6 Working in pairs, practice the questions below and support your opinion by using vivid examples. Make up your own questions
- •Unit 25
- •25.1 Read the text and try to complement its content with detailed information and interesting facts
- •25.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms and word combinations
- •25.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms from the text
- •25.4 Complete the sentences using the following words and translate them into Russian
- •25.5 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •25.6 Answer the following questions
20.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
Bottleneck, city core, closely spaced stations, central computer-aided control, direction sign, driver’s cab, ground level, line arrangement, interchange stations, to operate solely on their own right-of-way, public transit system, outward line, to share track, central terminal, station span, timetable, track gauge, traffic congestion, traffic jam, train-set, to transfer between lines, underground transit networks, visual platform displays, windshield.
20.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms from the text
Заторы транспорта, городская электричка, лёгкое наземное метро, метро с большой протяженностью, надёжное средство передвижения, оператор поезда, переход в метро, поезд с автоматическим управлением движения составов ("поезд без машиниста"), пропускная способность транспорта, ручное управление поездом, столкновение поездов, третий рельс, частота движения.
20.4 Complete and translate the sentences using the following words and word combinations
Clockwise direction, driver’s position, the elevated metro railways, environmental impact, extreme punctuality, keeping to rigid schedule, loop line, network, off hours, public transit system, ridership, rush hour periods, service.
1. Compared to other modes of (общественный транспорт), the metro minimizes accidents including head-on and rear-end collisions and derailments.
2. The metro is a beneficial alternative to motorways with a contaminating and noisy road transport. It allows less (воздействие на окружающую среду) as it uses electricity; hence, it leaves the environment pollution free.
3. (Надземное метро) does not create a barrier for the flow of vehicles. Its construction is cheaper and much easier as compared to digging tunnels. In Canada, they have Vancouver's SkyTrain, and in Thailand, it is the Bangkok Skytrain.
4. The entirely automated trains run (точно по расписанию) during (час пик) and even during (нерабочее время). The benefits of driver-free trains include adding extra trains to meet sudden surges without finding added crews.
5. To meet the increasing requirements in rapid transit system China’s largest city, Shanghai, has to expand its existing 95 km metro line (сеть) by adding four (тяжёлое метро) and one light metro line.
6. The Tokyo Metro, known for its (исключительная точность) starts its service at 05:00 a.m. The last train completes its service by 01:00 a.m. The subway system including nine routes heads the list of most used subway system in the world with nearly 7 million passengers each day.
7. The Moscow Metro carries nearly 7 million passengers per day but on weekdays, its (пассажиропоток) increases up to 9 million. The stations can accommodate heavy people flows. If the service is provided towards the centre of the city or in the (по часовой стрелке) on the (кольцевая линия), the stations are announced by a male voice, a female voice announces the stations in opposite direction on radial lines and in the counter-clockwise direction on the loop line.
8. One of the new Paris subway lines has an entirely automated system. There is no (место машиниста) at the front of the (поезд метро). Passengers can walk from the first car to the last one without leaving the train-set because there is no separating walls between cars. The system automatically opens and closes the car doors.
20.5 Complete and translate the following sentences. Do you know any interesting facts connected with the history of metro construction and operation? Read some facts and discuss the main differences in early and modern metro systems with your partner
1. Лёгкое наземное метро является скоростным видом общественного транспорта и использует надземные или подземные участки дороги (elevated or underground sections).
2. Лондонское метро (the whole London Underground network) использует четвертый рельс для электропоездов. Сегодня Лондонская подземка (the Tube), длиной 415 км, поделена на 6 зон, состоящих из 11 веток и 275 станций с 409 эскалаторами. Для удобства инвалидов (the disabled) и пассажиров с детскими колясками (baby carriage) работают 164 лифта.
3. Лондонское метро в два раза длиннее (twice as long as) Московского метрополитена, но транспортный поток (traffic flow) почти в три раза меньше (nearly three times lower). Одни и те же подземные и наземные пути используются поездами разных линий. Они курсируют (run) 20 часов в сутки (per day) с промежутком в 2 – 3 минуты.
4. Переходы на старых станциях Лондонского метро настолько узкие, что пассажиры с багажом не могут разойтись, не задев друг друга (can hardly pass by without touching each other). Современные станции очень просторные (spacious) и различаются по оформлению интерьеров (interior decoration).
5. В метро Монреаля (the Montreal Metro) работают поезда на шинах (use rubber tires), которые создают более плавный ход (allow a softer ride) и преодолевают более крутые уклоны (steeper gradients). Резиновые шины дороже при обслуживании (higher maintenance costs) и скользят (lose friction) при сырой погоде или при подмораживании (wet or icy weather conditions), что исключает (prevent) их использование на наземных линиях.
6. Современные метрополитены перевозят пассажиров поездами с автоматическим управлением (completely unstaffed trains). Метро освобождает улицы городов от транспорта (move traffic away from street level) и оказываются экономически целесообразным решением (economic route) для массовых перевозок (mass transportation).
7. Тоннели для метро сооружают либо открытым способом, вскрывая (to dig up) городские улицы с последующим восстановлением (to rebuild) поверхности участка, либо проходят щитовым способом (by tunnel-boring machines) для тоннелей на более глубоком уровне (deep-bore tunnels).
8. При строительстве метро в Риме (the Metropolitana) проходчики (drift miners) постоянно находили античные руины, мозаики и статуи (ancient ruins, antique mosaics and statues). Мраморные боги и богини (marble gods and goddesses), видевшие древние колесницы (chariot), сейчас украшают главный железнодорожный вокзал Термини (the main train station Termini) и смотрят на современные виды транспорта.
9. Сеть подземных линий Парижского метро составляет 220 км, охватывая Париж и пригороды, и соединяет 303 станции. Это старейшее метро занимает четвертое место (ranks the fourth from) в Европе, ежедневно перевозя 4,5 млн. пассажиров.
10. Одна из станций Парижского метро украшена витражом, подаренным Московским метрополитеном. Французский метрополитен ответил оформлением входа (entrance) станции «Киевская» на Кольцевой линии (loop line) Московского метро.
Figure 20.4 Kievskaya Metro Station in Moscow
11. Длина линий одного из старейших метрополитенов Нью-Йоркского метро (the New York City Subway) достигает 1355 км, соединяя 26 подземных, наземных и надземных маршрутов с 468 станциями. Наземные линии полностью обособленны от уличного движения (grade-separated). В метро круглосуточно (around the clock) работают 6000 поездов, состоящих из 8-11 вагонов, которые перевозят 4,4 млн. пассажиров в день.
12. Тоннели для метро Стамбула (the Istanbul Metro) построены открытым методом, так как город находится в сейсмически активном районе. Запас прочности (safety coefficient) сооружения составляет до 9 баллов по шкале Рихтера (a magnitude of 9 on the Richter scale). Европейская линия вдоль Босфора (Bosporus Strait) и азиатская линия, открытая в 2012 г. сделали Стамбул городом с метрополитеном в двух частях света (part of world).
13. Просторные вестибюли (concourses) станций метро были надёжным убежищем (refuge) для гражданского населения (civil population) во время Второй Мировой войны. Многие музейные коллекции и книги (ancient books and rare museum collections) хранились в тоннелях, подготовленных для чрезвычайных ситуаций (emergencies). Тоннели Лондонского метро использовались предприятиями авиационной промышленности (aircraft manufacturing facilities).
14. Инженеры, проектировавшие и строившие (construction engineers) Московский Метрополитен (The Moscow Metro), консультировались (to consult with) у специалистов (expert) из Лондонского метро и работали с их чертежами (drawing). Протяженность Московского метро сегодня составляет более 313 км с пятью метромостами, 12 линиями и 188 станциями. Планируется построить ещё более 60 станций и увеличить сеть на 137 км.