- •Росжелдор
- •Unit 1 railway and motorway engineering structures
- •First, scan the text and then read it more carefully
- •1.2 Give the equivalents in Russian of the following terms
- •1.3 What are the English equivalents of the following Russian terms?
- •1.4 Complete and translate the following sentences using the word list
- •1.5 Translate into English the following sentences
- •1.6 Match the English and Russian terms
- •1.7 Answer the following questions
- •1.8 Render the text according to your plan and give the names of most famous railway and motorway engineering structures in Russia and abroad Unit 2 bridge crossing and its components
- •2.1 Read the following text and make a plan for it
- •Superstructure (пролётное строение); 2 – Pier (опора); 3 – Abutment (устой);
- •2.2 Give the Russian equivalents of the following terms
- •2.3 Give the English equivalents of the following terms
- •2.4 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •2.5 Translate into English the following sentences
- •2.6 Match the words in column a with column b
- •2.7 Read the questions and see if you can answer them
- •2.8 Render the text according to your plan Unit 3 bridge classification
- •3.1 Read the text and make up a bridgework glossary in Russian
- •3.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •3.3 Find the English equivalents to the following Russian terms
- •3.4 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •3.5 Translate into English the following sentences
- •3.6 Answer the questions
- •3.7 Describe different bridge structures according to their structural design using the terminology below
- •Unit 4 bridges of moscow
- •4.1 Read the text to have a basic notion of bridges in the capital of Russia.
- •4.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •4.3 Find the English equivalents to the following Russian terms:
- •4.4 Match English and Russian bridge terminology:
- •4.5 Complete and translate the sentences using the following terms
- •4.6 Translate into English the following sentences
- •4.7 Answer the following questions
- •4.8 Render the text according to your plan Unit 5 bridges of st petersburg
- •5.1 Have you ever been to St Petersburg? If so, try to complement the text with your own information. If not, try to enhance your professional range of knowledge
- •5.10 Translate the text into English
- •Unit 6 timber and masonry bridges
- •6.1 Read the text about different building materials. Compare them and say which one is more suitable for permanent or temporary structures
- •6.6 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •6.7 Translate the following sentences into English
- •6.8 Give a reason to support what you say answering to these questions
- •6.9 Express your ideas about the building qualities of stone and wood Unit 7 reinforced concrete bridges
- •7.1 Read the text and learn the terminology using the list of words
- •7.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •7.3 Find the English equivalents to the following Russian terms
- •7.4 Make up the questions to the following answers
- •7.5 Complete and translate the following sentences using the Word list
- •7.6 Translate the following sentences into English
- •7.7 Discuss the following questions
- •Unit 8 metal bridges
- •8.1 Think of different building materials and answer the following questions
- •8.2 Read the text and check your answers. How much did you guess correctly?
- •8.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •8.4 What are the English equivalents for the following Russian terms?
- •8.5 Say whether these statements are true
- •8.6 Match the Russian and English terms
- •8.7 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •8.8 Translate the following sentences into English
- •Unit 9 bridges of great britain
- •9.1 Read the text and improve your knowledge of foreign experiences in bridge building
- •9.2 Tell the story of the Old London Bridge using the following terms
- •9.3 Read the text about famous London bridges and tell about them
- •9.4 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •9.5 Read the text about the most astonishing British bridges and tell about them
- •9.6 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •9.7 Complete and translate the following text
- •9.8 Complete the following sentences using your own ideas
- •9.9 Answer the following questions
- •9.10 Translate the text into English
- •10.1 After reading the text, prove the idea that suspension structures are the safest among bridgeworks
- •10.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •10.3 Make up examples with the terms describing a suspension structure
- •10.4 Choose which statements are true
- •10.5 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •10.6 Translate the following sentences into English
- •10.7 Answer the following questions
- •10.8 Describe the Golden Gate Bridge using the following information
- •10.9 Consult this list of bridge terminology while doing the exercises
- •Unit 11 bridges of novosibirsk
- •11.1 Having read the text, complete the information with details you may notice in the pictures
- •11.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •11.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •11.4 Match the English and Russian terms
- •11.5 Translate the following sentences into English
- •11.6 Answer the following questions
- •11.7 What bridge across the Ob River do you prefer and why? Express your opinion using the following word combinations
- •11.8 Describe your “dream bridge”. Do you have any ideas that will surprise your classmates? Think of a place for “your” bridge. Unit 12 bridge or tunnel?
- •12.1 Read the text and give your reasons for making a choice between a bridge and a tunnel
- •12.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •12.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •12.4 Complete and translate the following sentences using the word list
- •12.5 Translate the following sentences into English
- •12.6 Think over the problems and give your reasons for the right solution
- •12.7 Read this interview and make up your own dialogue using the following expressions
- •Unit 13 construction of supports and foundations
- •13.1 Read the text to get a clear idea of building materials and construction technologies for piers and foundations. Go down the word list and take note of professional terminology.
- •13.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •13.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •13.4 Translate the following information into Russian, consulting the terminology list and using the word combinations given below
- •13.5 Translate the following information into English using the terminology list
- •13.6 Give your reasons to support the answers to these questions
- •Unit 14 superstructure construction
- •14.1 Read the text and pay attention to the differences in the various techniques of superstructure construction
- •14.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •14.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •14.4 Complete and translate the following sentences using the terminology from previous text and the word list (14.6)
- •14.5 Translate the following sentences into English
- •14.6 Find the relevant information in the texts to answer these questions
- •14.7 Describe superstructure construction methods using the following word combinations
- •Unit 15 construction of suspension and cable-stayed bridges
- •15.1 Read the text and pay attention to the peculiarities of suspension superstructure construction
- •15.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •15.3 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •15.4 Complete and translate the sentences using the following words
- •15.5 Translate the following sentences into English
- •15.6 Find the relevant information in the texts to answer these questions
- •15.7 Describe superstructure construction methods. Remember the following word combinations
- •Unit 16 bridge maintenance
- •16.1 Read the text and make a list of the main ideas you should remember as a future bridge builder
- •16.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms:
- •16.3 Find the English equivalents for the following Russian terms
- •16.4 Match the equivalents
- •16.5 Complete the following sentences
- •16.6 Read the text and find the equivalents for the following terms
- •16.7 Translate the following sentences into English using terminology from this unit
- •16.8 Find the answers to these questions in the text
- •16.9 Role-play. “On-site review and visual inspection of the bridge components”
- •Unit 17 tunnel classification
- •17.1 Read the text and make a list of tunneling terminology
- •17.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •17.3 Find the English equivalents for the following Russian terms
- •17.4 Complete and translate the following sentences using the Word list.
- •8 Side Wall Drift (боковая штросса); 9 – Lining (обделка тоннеля);
- •– Tunnel Foot (подошва тоннеля)
- •17.5 Translate the following sentences into English using terminology from the texts. Tell a partner what you found most interesting
- •17.5 Answer the questions using the information from the text and your own ideas
- •17.6 Describe any tunnel using the information model from the following.
- •Unit 18 construction methods of tunnels
- •18.1 Read the text and define recent trends in unneling
- •18.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •18.3 Find the English equivalents for the following Russian terms
- •18.4 Complete the following sentences using the word list and translate them
- •18.5 Translate the following sentences into English using terminology from previous texts
- •18.6 Make up the answers to these questions. Use the Word list
- •18.7 Read the dialogue below and retell it with a partner
- •18.8 Disagree with each statement
- •Unit 19 shield tunnelling
- •19.1 Read the text to have an idea of state-of-the-art tbm’s
- •Figure 19. 7 Technological Process by the Slurry Shield Complex
- •19.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •19.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms
- •19.4 Complete and translate the following sentences using the list of word combinations below
- •19.5 Complete the following sentences using your own ideas and the Word list below.
- •19.6 Translate the sentences into English
- •19.7 Answer the following questions
- •Unit 20 general idea of the metro
- •20.1 Read the text and find out peculiarities in the underground railway systems of different countries
- •20.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •20.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms from the text
- •20.4 Complete and translate the sentences using the following words and word combinations
- •20.6 Think of the answers and give a reason to support what you say
- •20.7 Complete the following sentences in a suitable way
- •20.8 Discuss the ideas expressed by these two engineers suggesting their solution of public transport development in modern cities
- •Unit 21 the novosibirsk metro
- •21.1 Read the text and complement it with more details from the history and present-day operation of the Novosibirsk Metro
- •21.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •21.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms
- •21.4 Complete the sentences using the following words and render this text in English
- •21.5 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •21.6 Discuss the following questions
- •21.7 Read the dialogue and compose your own conversation with a partner. Use the words and expressions from the model
- •21.8 Try to guess the meaning of the following word combination
- •21.10 Ask each other questions to test your knowledge of the unit Unit 22 structures in the underground
- •22.1 Read the text consulting the Word list for better understanding
- •22.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •22.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms from the text
- •22.4 Translate the sentences using the necessary English equivalents.
- •22.5 Translate the sentences into English paing attention to relevant terminology
- •22.6 Choose which statement is true
- •22.7 Discuss the following questions
- •Unit 23 tunnel maintenance
- •23.1 Having read the text try to prove the idea that tunnel maintenance is much more expensive compared to bridge maintenance. Give your reasons
- •23.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •23.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms
- •23.4 Complete the sentences using the following words
- •23.5 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •23.6 Answer the questions
- •Unit 24 сollapse of bridges and tunnels
- •24.1 Read the text, try to guess the meaning of the words you do not know, and then analyze how many meanings you can guess correctly or nearly correctly
- •24.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms
- •24.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms
- •24.4 Complete the sentences using the following words and translate them into Russian
- •24.5 Translate the sentences into English paying attention to relevant terminology
- •24.6 Working in pairs, practice the questions below and support your opinion by using vivid examples. Make up your own questions
- •Unit 25
- •25.1 Read the text and try to complement its content with detailed information and interesting facts
- •25.2 Find the Russian equivalents for the following English terms and word combinations
- •25.3 Find the English equivalents for each of the Russian terms from the text
- •25.4 Complete the sentences using the following words and translate them into Russian
- •25.5 Complete and translate the following sentences
- •25.6 Answer the following questions
2.2 Give the Russian equivalents of the following terms
Beam, bearing, bent, bridge crossing, dead weight, girder, impact of passing ships, Navigation Regulations, pedestrian walkway, pier, rolling stock, seat, seismic activity, span, truss, vertical and slanted columns, width
2.3 Give the English equivalents of the following terms
Высота, грунтовое основание, меженный уровень воды, низ моста, подмостовой габарит, подошва фундамента, подферменная площадка опоры моста, полоса движения, постоянная нагрузка, пролетное строение, равнинная река, сила торможения, устой моста.
2.4 Complete and translate the following sentences
The loads on bridge components may be subdivided into the permanent load involving (собственный вес пролетных строений, опор, фундаментов), the active load by the wind force, ice, breaking force, seismic activity, (перепад температур) and the moving load from the rolling stock and (пешеходы) .
Like other structures, bridges must sustain (собственный вес и временная нагрузка). (Постоянные нагрузки) consist of the self-weight of the bridge itself as well as the loads from bridge railings, sidewalks, lighting facilities, etc. which the bridge must support.
Planners estimate the dead weight with a high degree of accuracy during (проектирование) and accurately control it during (строительство). The moving load is important for successful (расчет конструкций) and planning of any bridge.
Live loads include vertical and horizontal impact forces created by (транспортные средства) and pedestrians passing the bridge as well as forces resulting from (ветер, землетрясение) and temperature variation. Other moving loads are secondary in nature and result from impact forces, for instance, (навал судов).
The most difficult problem for the live load calculation is the preliminary determination of (невыгодное положение) of the rolling stock and pedestrians. The planner cannot estimate the live loads to be imposed upon the bridge as precisely as the dead loads because it often has little, if any, control over these loads once the bridge is put into operation.
(Размыв грунта) can have destructive effects on bridges. (Насыпи и опоры) can reduce the rivers natural width, and the speed of the water flow increases.
(Надежный пропуск транспорта и воды) during the high water period is one of the problems for maintenance crews because of washout.
2.5 Translate into English the following sentences
1. Комплекс сооружений, включающий мост с подходами (approach), ледорезы (starling), струенаправляющие дамбы и траверсы называют мостовым переходом.
2. Мост разделяется (to divide into) опорами на пролеты.
3. Ледорезы защищают (to protect) промежуточные опоры моста от ледохода.
4. Сруенаправляющие дамбы и траверсы предохраняют грунт (ground) у опор моста и берегов от размыва.
5. Полетные строения мостов включают проезжую часть (bridge floor), несущую часть (supporting part), систему связей (bracing) и опорные части (bearings).
6. Проезжая часть включает мостовое полотно (bridge floor) и несущие элементы (load bearing member). Она воспринимает подвижные нагрузки от транспортных средств и пешеходов и передаёт (transfer) их на несущую часть.
7. Проезжая часть пролетного строения в более узком смысле (in the narrow(er) sense) – это полоса (lane) на мостовом полотне для движения транспортных средств.
8. Проезжая часть состоит из продольных балок (stringer), которые скреплены (to secure) с поперечными балками (floor beam). Мостовое полотно расположено над несущими элементами проезжей части.
9. В фермах различают верхний (top chord, top flange) и нижний пояса (lower chord, bottom flange). К одному из нижних поясов прикрепляют поперечные балки, а к ним — продольные балки для проезжей части.
10. В балочных мостах малых пролетов (short span) несущая часть пролетного строения состоит из деревянных или металлических прогонов (stringer), железобетонных плит (reinforced slab) или балок; при средних (intermedium span) и больших (long span) пролетах – из балок, ферм (truss), арок (arch) или рам (frame).
11. Опорные части передают нагрузки от несущей конструкции на опоры. Они обеспечивают смещение (displacement) главных ферм или балок пролетного строения от подвижных нагрузок и температурных деформаций (thermal expansion/contraction).
12. Опоры воспринимают нагрузки и передают их на грунт через (through) фундаменты. Промежуточные опоры воспринимают нагрузки от веса пролетных строений, подвижной нагрузки, навала судов, льда и ветра. Береговые опоры воспринимают нагрузки от пролетных строений и от насыпи подходов.