Text f. Why medicine?
It is a better time for students to make a rewarding career in medicine now. The demand for medical professionals has increased due to the rapid growth of the health care, especially for the growing elderly population. The number of pediatricians involved in health care services has also increased for the improvement of demographic situation.
Ex. 64. a). Look through text G. b). Entitle text G. c). Answer the question: What can you do with a medical specialty?
Text g.
Medicine is a very complex field. In the past, a doctor could learn almost all that we knew about medicine. Now that is impossible. So after finishing medical school, young doctors choose what kind of doctor they wish to be. After school, they usually do more years of training to learn about the kind of medical specialty which they want to do.
Some doctors try to learn some about all of the different subjects of medicine and how to treat all patients. These kinds of doctors are called 'primary care' doctors. Sometimes they are also called 'general practitioners.'
There are other doctors who are also 'primary care' doctors. Pediatricians are primary care doctors, but only for children.
Some gynecologists do primary care, but for women only.
Other doctors are called 'specialists'. This means they have learned more about certain types of medical care. For example, a dermatologist is a doctor who knows more about the skin and diseases of the skin. A psychiatrist is a doctor who knows more about mental diseases like depression and schizophrenia
There are many different specialties in medicine. However, there are two main categories: "Medicine" and "Surgery." "Medicine" refers to the practice of non-operative medicine. "Surgery is operative medicine. There are some specialties of medicine that do not fit into either of these categories, such as radiology, pathology, anesthesia, etc.
Ex. 65. Read the information below and answer the question of the title. Do it in a simple way.
How long does it take to get a medical education?
Most may say a lifetime. Doctors are always learning as new discoveries are made and new technologies develop. However, it usually takes six years. After that, you will choose a medical specialty and spend three years or more as a resident physician in a teaching hospital, where you train for certification in a specialty and will be paid on average about 200 000 rubles a year, to care for patients.
Ex. 66. a) Read text H and put the questions to get the information underlined in text H. b) Ask your partner to answer your questions.
Home work.
Ex. 67. Form the nouns with the suffix ion (tion, ssion), read and translate them:
To admit, to graduate, to protect, to decide, to situate, to add , to examine, to prescribe, to invade.
Ex. 68. Read and translate the word combinations:
A rewarding career in the field of medicine, the rapid growth of the elderly population, to involve in therapy for patients of all ages, the improvement of demographic situation, to treat the patients for skin diseases, to fit into different age categories, to cure the skin disease, to control a heart pain, to prescribe the medicine for depression.
Ex. 69. Analyze the forms of the verbs and translate the sentences.
The patients who had not started the treatment took part in our clinical trials
Studies have found that, in northern regions, heart attacks may occur more often in the winter months.
Patients who had previously received antibiotics were excluded from the trial.
The 4 geographical regions have already had a similar increase in the swine grippe incidence.
We had made more detailed examination of the 2-nd patient with leukemia before he began to take the new drug.
Patient Z had had heart transplantation before he married.
The pharmacists studied the effect of the new drug on the heart function in 10 patients who previously had taken aspirin.
Before the trial in a large group of patients we had not been able to show correlation between disease activity and anti – rheumatic drug therapy.
The patient had died before the doctors could find the cause of his bleeding.
Mumps (свинка) has most commonly occurred in children five to nine years of age. The highest disease incidence now is in children 10-14 years of age.
Laboratory findings have also suggested that people with impaired glucose tolerance may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Ex. 70. Put the yes – no and wh-questions on the sentence.
Two weeks before admission to the hospital the patient had noted some changes in his evening temperature.
. THE MEDICAL FACULTY
Ex. 71. Read and translate text H attentively to get more information and be ready to do some tasks.
Text H. The Medical Faculty.
A. The medical faculty of Petrozavodsk State University was founded in 1960. It is the largest faculty of the University. The medical faculty occupies 2 big buildings. The dean’s office and the special medical library with its reading hall are in the theoretical building. There is a hostel in front of the theoretical building.
B. The medical faculty has three departments. They are therapeutic, pediatric and pharmaceutical departments.
C. There are 2 forms of education. The therapeutic and pediatric departments have only day education. But as for the pharmaceutical department besides day education it has correspondence education.
D. To enter the medical faculty the applicants must have the complete secondary education. The entrance mark is very high. Entry to the medical faculty is highly competitive and usually the number of candidates is much higher than the number of places.
E. Not only young people from different parts of Russia but many foreign students study at the medical faculty now. Our students have probation periods abroad and are active participants in the international conferences. Many students take part in the Student Scientific Society (SSS). They carry out the research work and take part in the student scientific conference which is held in April. The best reports are published in Russian and foreign languages.
F. The academic year begins on September 1st and is divided into 2 terms of 4 months each. The terms run from September to January and from February to June. At the end of each term the students have to pass examinations and tests.
G. The study course lasts for 6 years, consists of 4 periods and covers general and special medical subjects. The curriculum is divided into an academic and clinical program.
H. The first two years are devoted primarily to the study of basic general subjects fundamental to the practice of medicine. These include physics, chemistry, biology, anatomy, physiology, social sciences, Latin and foreign languages. Every day students have 2-3 classes and 1-2 lectures. The attendance of classes and lectures are compulsory for all the students. It is useful to attend lectures because the professors always deliver them clearly and scientifically. This period is so-called “preclinical training”.
I. The students study clinical subjects from the third to the fifth years during the so-called “clinical training”. These three years are considerably different from the “preclinical training”. While the first two years are spent in the classrooms and laboratories of the faculty, the next three years are mainly hospital-based. During this period, the students spend more time in clinics and receive more intensive instruction in clinical medicine. The admixture of classroom and clinical experiences enables the student to acquire the necessary knowledge for medical practice.
J. In the sixth year each student selects a medical specialty to receive further training in the subinternship. To become highly qualified specialists the graduates enter the internship and then the residency. The time required to complete the internship program is 1 year and the course of the residency is 2 years. Upon successful completion of the residency some medical specialists enter the post-graduate courses, defend dissertations and work as teachers at the medical faculty.
K. The teaching staff of the medical faculty includes Professors, Associate Professors and experienced teachers. There are many Doctors of Science and Masters of Science among them. The most teachers are graduates of the medical faculty
6.
Class work.
Ex. 72. Analyze the forms of the verbs. Translate the sentences
The doctor has already examined 2 patients.
I have not yet done it.
Early treatment of the disease had already improved the prognosis.
We have recently shown that many low birth weight babies may, under normal conditions reach good results.
We shall have limited our research by the group of young patients with asthma.
All patients had temperature higher than 38 degrees and had started antibiotic treatment before admission to the hospital.
This drug has already caused some side-effects.
Some new drugs have already reduced the mortality from such diseases as heart disease and
cancer.
Placebo treatment had improved his state before antibiotics were prescribed.
We have focused our study in diabetic patients.
Ex. 72. Read the adjectives and analyze the Degrees of Comparison. Translate the sentences.
Aspirin is one of the best remedies for grippe but as for tonsillitis, antibiotics are better.
The patient felt worse on the second day.
In this case the diet was much more useful than the drug.
The cells are the simplest elements of our organism.
The healthier the man the deeper is his sleep.
To stay in bed during illness is as important as to take medicine regularly.
These complications are two to three times higher in diabetic patients.
In this case the duration of pain is much shorter and the discomfort is less severe than in primary infection.
Migraine is the most common type of headache; as many as 90% of adults have had or will have migraines. They are more common among women than men.
Ex. 77. a). Match the points of the plan with the logical units of the topic. b).Write the plan