Chapter 1.

Тема: Medical Education. Словообразование: Prefix: re-; Suffixes: –ly, -al, -ic, -er, -or, -y, -ure, -ion Грамматика: спряжение глаголов to be, to have, оборот there +be, времена группы Indefinite (Simple) Active, времена группы Perfect Active, общие и специальные вопросы, модальные глаголы, существительное в функции определения, степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

1.

Class work.

Ex. 1. a). Choose the correct form of the verb to be: am, is, are, was, were, shall be, will be. b). Put the sentences in the Negative Form.

1. I … a student now.

2. They … pupils last year.

3. We … doctors in 6 years.

4. We … at the University now.

5. She … ill two days ago.

6. They … here in 5 minutes.

7. He … the best student of our group.

Ex. 2. Answer the questions.

1. Is your group in classroom now?

2. Were you in London in summer?

3. Will you be at home in the evening?

4. Was your friend a doctor?

5. Are you in the hostel?

Ex. 3. Put the questions on the sentences.

1. I am at the University now.

2. Nick will be at home in the evening.

3. My friend was in the hostel 2 hours ago.

Ex. 4. Put the sentences in the Past and Future Simple.

1. We have 2 classes.

2. I have a cat.

3. She has many friends.

4. Medical students have many special subjects.

5. He has no free time.

Ex. 5. Work in pairs according to the models.

• What about you? (How about you?) – а ты?

• Too – тоже, также в положительных предложениях.

• Either– тоже, также в отрицательных предложениях.

• As for me – что касается меня

Model 1.

A. Are you at the English classes now?

B.Yes, I am. And what about you? (How about you?)

A. As for me, I am at the English classes now too.

Model 2.

A. Are you a teacher?

B. No, I am not. And what about you? (How about you?)

A. As for me I am not a teacher either.

1. Will you be an engineer?

2. Were you in Moscow in summer?

3. Are you a student?

4. Are you a teenager?

5. Have you a lecture in Anatomy now?

6. Have you a computer?

7. Have you a dog?

Ex. 6. Read the sentences. Analyze the forms of the verb to be. Translate the sentences.

1. There are two terms in the academic year.

2. There will be many new books in our library.

3. There were many special medical articles in the journal.

4. Were there English classes in your group yesterday?

5. There is no Pharmaceutical Institute in our town.

Ex. 7. Translate the adverbs given below:

Normally, really, badly, daily, usually.

Ex. 8. Form the adverbs from the words given below and translate them:

Personal, month, part, short, beautiful.

Ex. 9. Translate the adjectives given below:

A. Special, experimental, practical, theoretical, individual.

B. Basic, economic, chronic, democratic, tragic.

Ex. 10. Memorize the new words:

• Therapeutic Department – терапевтическое (лечебное) отделение

• a full-time department – дневное отделение

• to take much time – занимать много времени

• a term – термин, семестр

• during – в течение, duration - продолжительность

• a course of study – курс обучения

• to last - продолжаться, длиться

• a first year – первый курс

• a last year – последний курс

• to last - продолжаться

• a first year student - первокурсник

• a freshman - новичок

• a subject – предмет, general subjects – общие предметы

• science - наука

• scientific articles – научные статьи

• classes and lectures – практические занятия и лекции

• free of charge - бесплатно

• pay fee – платить за учёбу

• to increase – увеличиваться, повышаться,

• an increase – увеличение, повышение

• to decrease – уменьшаться, снижаться,

• a decrease – уменьшение, снижение

• increased – повышенный, decreased - сниженный

• to deliver a lecture – читать лекцию

Ex. 11. Read and translate the names of the subjects: chemistry, botany, microbiology, anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, the English and Latin languages, the history of the Motherland.

Ex. 12. a). Look through text A. b). Find, read and translate the adverbs with the suffix -ly and the adjectives with the suffixes -ic and –al. c). Find read and translate the sentences with there+be.

Text a. First year study.

So you became a first year student of the Medical Faculty. Your future specialty takes 6 years. The academic year begins on September 1st. There are 2 terms in the academic year of 4 months duration. The terms run from September to January and from February to June. At the end of each term the students have examinations and tests. The students study many special and general subjects. In the first two years there are many different medical and special subjects such as chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, microbiology, anatomy, physiology and others. The main subject is anatomy. The students also study such general subjects as the English and Latin languages and the history of the Motherland. Beginning from the third year students study special professional subjects. The students study these subjects theoretically from books and scientific articles and by the experiments in classes and laboratories. Every day students have 2 classes and 1 lecture. Some students who came from other towns and cities live in the hostel, others - with their parents or relatives. Some students study free of charge but some students must pay fee. Many students get stipends. If a student has ‘fives’ in all the subjects he gets an increased stipend.

Home work.

Ex. 13. Read, translate and memorize the word combinations:

A first year student, a second year student, a study course, a freshman, in a first year, in a last year, to take 5 years, to take 10 minutes, to study many special and general subjects, to deliver lectures clearly and scientifically, to study free of charge, to pay fee, to get an increased stipend, to live in the hostel, to have ‘fives’ in all the subjects.

Ex. 14. Form the new words, translate and memorize them:

a). the adverbs by adding the suffix –ly: rapid, experiment, practice, bad, clear, exact.

b.) the adjectives by adding the suffix – al: clinic, hysteria, nation, nature, sentiment.

c.) the adjectives by adding the suffix – ic: therapy, prosthesis, magnet, mage.

Ex. 15. Complete the sentences using the words too or either and translate them.

1. I have many new subjects and as for my friend he has many new subjects….

2. My sister will not be a teacher and as for me I shall not be a teacher….

3. All first year students have many special medical books and as for me I have many special medical books….

4. He was not in the hostel in the evening and as for me I was not in the hostel in the evening….

Ex. 16. Translate the sentences using a dictionary.

1. There are several patients in the second ward.

2. To the right there is a girl with pneumonia.

3. There was no elevation of t° (temperature) in this patient.

4. During the course of treatment there were no changes for a better.

Ex. 17. Read and translate Text A.

2.

Class work.

Ex. 18. Answer the questions:

1. Are you in the classroom now?

2. Where are the students of your group now?

3. Is anatomy a special subject?

4. Is the English language a special subject?

5. Had you high temperature yesterday?

6. Will you be at home on Sunday?

Ex. 19. Form the new words, translate and memorize them:

a) the nouns by adding the suffixes –er, -or:

to teach, to translate, to organize, to kill, to heal, to write.

b) the verbs by adding the prefix -re: Приставка re – выражает повтор действия, переводится: 1. приставкой пере или 2. сделать повторно, сделать ещё раз.

to make, to write, to read, to operate, to appear, to add, to treat, to state.

Ex. 20. Read and translate the noun+noun combinations given below:

1. Growth hormone, growth hormone deficiency, growth hormone deficiency study

2. Pancreas preparation, rat pancreas preparation, rat pancreas preparation test

3. Blood pressure, blood pressure fall

4. Prescription medicines

5. 3 week treatment, 3 week penicillin treatment

6. Weather changes

7. Home and class work

Ex. 21. Memorize the new words:

• Once – как только, однажды

• to rotate – менять, чередовать

• the subject matter – содержание предмета

• to deal with – быть связанным с

• time – table - расписание

• to include – включать

• to exclude – исключать

• to attend – посещать, attendance - посещение

• compulsory – обязательно

• to deliver lectures – читать лекции

• to pass exams barely – едва сдать экзамены

• to fail exams – провалить

• to fail to do something = not to do smth = can’t do smth

• failure - недостаточность, heart failure – сердечная недостаточность

• gap – пробел

• to remediate - пересдать

• to remediate = to cure - вылечить

• remediable = curable - поправимый, излечимый

• remedial – лечебный, излечивающий

• to treаt for – лечить от (по поводу)

• forward – вперёд, дальше

• curriculum – программа

• regular actions – ежедневные дела

Ex. 22. Read and translate the names of the subjects:

The English and Latin languages, the history of the Motherland, biology, botany, microbiology, anatomy, physiology, chemistry, pharmacology, physics, mathematics.

Ex. 23. Look through text B and find, read and translate the Noun + Noun combinations.

Text B. Our Classes.

Every day medical students have classes and lectures in numerous theoretical and special subjects. In the first two years there are many different special subjects such as, anatomy, physiology, chemistry and histology. The main subject is anatomy. They also study such general subjects as the English and Latin languages and the history of the Motherland. Once you reach your third year of medical school, you really begin to practice clinical medicine. Every 4-8 weeks, you rotate to a new specialty and learn the subject matter in great detail. In the third year you will study special professional subjects. They are therapy, surgery, pharmacology and others. The students study these subjects theoretically from books and scientific articles and by the experiments in classes and laboratories. Every day time – table includes 2 classes and 1 lecture. The attendance of classes and lectures is compulsory for all the students. It is useful to attend lectures because the professors always deliver them clearly and scientifically. Professors from Moscow and Saint Petersburg Institutes often deliver interesting lectures. At the end of each term the students have examination session. The winter holidays last from the end of January to the middle of February. After the spring session the students will have summer practice and summer holidays.

Ex. 24. Fill in your time - table.

The Time – Table.

Time

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Home work.

Ex. 25. Form the new words, translate and memorize them:

a). the nouns by adding the suffixes –er, -or :

to manage, to use, to apprise, to conduct, to distill, to hunt.

b). the words by adding the prefix -re:

Training – подготовка; treatment – обработка, лечение; vision – смотp; to cover – покрывать, to tell – рассказывать.

retraining, retreatment, revision, to recover, to retell.

Ex. 26. Read, translate and memorize the word combinations:

To have lectures in numerous theoretical and special subjects, to attend classes and lectures, to have much practical training, to be compulsory for all the students, to write scientific articles, to deliver lectures clearly and scientifically, different branches of chemistry, to reach the third year, to rotate the classes, the subject matter, examination session, first year curriculum, to have the knowledge gap in anatomy.

Ex. 27. Translate the sentences with a dictionary. Pay attention to Noun +Noun Combinations.

1. The boys have first degree burns. They are in the two bed ward.

2. She suffers from high blood pressure.

3. The patient has growth hormone deficiency.

4. After heart transplantation the patient felt better.

5. Little children have a low defense reaction.

6. Medical students must know how to give the first aid treatment.

7. His knife wound was very severe.

Ex. 28. Read and translate text B.

Ex. 29. Complete the sentences according to texts A and B and translate them:

1. Every day we have….. .

2. We have classes and lectures in….. .

3. In the first two years there are….. .

4. The main subject is….. .

5. We also study such general subjects as….. .

6. In the third year we shall study….. .

7. At the end of each term we have….. .

8. After the spring session we shall have…

Ex. 30. Be ready to say some sentences about your classes and lectures. Do it in a simple way.

3.

Class work.

Ex. 31. Read and translate the word combinations:

To choose a new specialty, to deal with bad results, to reoperate the patient on, to study the subject matter, at the end of the holidays, a knowledge gap, to treat with antibiotics, to pass exams barely, to fail exams, to deliver the lecture about the curable diseases, to read the time – table of the 1-st term.

Ex. 32. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the Noun +Noun Combinations.

1. The girl has one week antibiotic treatment.

2. Blood pressure fall is very dangerous in this case.

3. The patient has growth hormone deficiency.

4. Blood transfusion gave good results.

5. Our first examination session includes 3 tests and 2 exams.

6. My mother works in the City hospital.

7. Do not use this medicine for other health conditions.

Ex. 33. a) Read Text C and entitle it. b) Read the text again and find the information which is not in texts A and B.

Text C.

The first three years give the foundation for an understanding of human biology, its progression towards disease and subsequent medical treatment. The basic medical science curriculum prepares the student for the study of anatomy, physiology, histology, biochemistry, cell biology, microbiology, general pathology, genetics and principles of clinical medicine. Students extend their initial studies of normal human biology and function into abnormal processes and disease states. This is achieved mainly through the studies of pathology and clinical diagnosis. Study of Pathology and Path physiology of each organ and system prepares the student for the following clinical training. Pharmacology is also taught during the third year. In Pharmacology, students study the effect of medicines. In these years, the students get a fundamental clinical knowledge to any branch of medicine and begin crossing the bridge between pre-clinical medical science and the practice of medicine. During the third, fourth, and fifth years, students perform clinical work as nurses, feldshers, and clinical assistants. In the sixth year, medical students take their primary specialization in one of the following clinical subjects: Faculty of Curative Medicine (surgery, obstetrics, and gynecology) or Faculty of Pediatrics (pediatrics, including child infectious diseases, and pediatric surgery, including orthopedics). In most cases those students who “barely” passed, have learned the material more than the students who failed and are remediating. In most cases, the student who remediates does not carry a knowledge gap forward while the student who barely passed likely has gaps in their knowledge base.

Ex, 34a. Analyze the forms of the verbs.

Will dance, included, increases, shall decrease, had, deals with, excluded, was, performs, has, will be.

Ex. 34b. Put the verbs into the Present, Past, or Future Simple.

1. Our professor (to deliver) the lecture on Pharmacology yesterday.

2. We (to attend) our classes and lectures regularly.

3. I (to work) in the hospital in 5 years.

4. The medical students (to study) many general and special subjects.

5. We (to have) their winter session in January.

6. He usually (to go) to the library on Saturday.

7. Some days ago we (to visit) our friend in the hostel.

Ex. 35. Memories the words:

Who-Кто Whose –Чей

What-Что What-Какой

When-Когда Where-Где

Why-Почему Which-Который

Whom - Кому

How many (how much)-Сколько

How often-Как часто

Ex. 36. Study the models.

Model 1.

We study anatomy at the University.

Do you study anatomy at the University?

What do you study ---------------- at the University?

Model 2.

The doctor works in the City hospital.

Does the doctor work in the City hospital?

Where does the doctor work -----------------------?

Model 3.

The patient took the drug after the meal.

Did the patient take the drug after the meal?

When did the patient take the drug -----------------?

Model 4.

We shall work in the hospital.

Will you work in the hospital?

What will you do in the hospital?

Ex. 37. Put the Yes – No and Wh questions on the sentences according to the models:

1. Doctors visit the patients at home two times a week.

2. The doctor consulted the patient in the Republican hospital at 3 o’clock.

3. Professor Brown delivers lectures on anatomy at the medical department on Mondays

4. The patient will take the mixture in the evening.

Ex. 38. Memorize the new words:

• rather - довольно

• rather thаn – скорее чем

• to do all my best – делать всё возможное

• enough - достаточно

• to have a rubdown - принять душ

• a canteen - студенческая столовая

• every day but Saturday – каждый день кроме субботы

• to miss - пропускать

• to waste the time- тратить время зря

• to care about – заботиться о

• to care for – интересоваться

• carefully - тщательно

• to enjoy – наслаждаться, радоваться

• to dig into the subject - копаться (глубоко изучать) в предмете

• to require = to demand – требовать

• to recognize – распознавать

Ex. 39. Read text D and ask the questions to get the information underlined in the text.