Вариант IX
1. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст, используя словарь.
Ethical issues
It is probably true to say there are more major ethical issues associated with research in psychology than in any other scientific discipline. There are various reasons for this. First, all psychological experiments involve the study of living creatures, and their right to be treated in a caring way can be infringed by an unprincipled or careless experimenter.
Second, the findings of psychological research may reveal what appear to be unpleasant or unacceptable facts about human nature, or about certain groups within society. No matter how morally upright the experimenter may be, there is always the danger that extreme political organizations will use the findings to further their aims.
Third, psychological research may lead to the discovery of powerful techniques that can be used for purposes of social control. It would obviously be dangerous if such techniques were to be exploited by dictators or others seeking to exert undue influence on society.
Psychologists have become increasingly concerned about ethical issues in recent years. In the United Kingdom in 1990, the British Psychological Society issues its Ethical principles for conducting research with human participants. These principles should be followed by everyone, including students who carry out experiments as part of their course.
2. Перепишите вопросы, дайте ответы на английском языке, основываясь на содержании прочитанного текста, и переведите на русский язык.
Why are there more major ethical issues associated with research in psychology than in any other scientific discipline?
Why should psychologists follow Ethical principles?
Who can use the findings of psychological research to further their aims?
What happened in the United Kingdom in 1990?
Who should follow the ethical principles?
3. Ответьте на вопросы, выразив собственное мнение.
1. What do you think whether you heed some ethical principles at your work?
2. Can you name some of the ethical principles in the careers in psychology?
4. Перепишите данные слова и словосочетания на русском языке и напишите их эквиваленты, основываясь на содержании прочитанного текста.
учебная дисциплина; опыт, эксперимент; полученные данные, добытые сведения; создание, творение; относится к кому-либо; нарушать, посягать (на чьи-л. права); невнимательный, неосторожный; раскрывать, обнаруживать; честный; пользоваться, использовать, эксплуатировать; оказывать давление; чрезмерный; проводить исследование; проводить опыт.
Вариант X
1. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст, используя словарь.
Happiness
Why
do you think some people are much happier than others? Part of the
answer is that they tend to have deeper relationships with other
people, more friends, more interesting jobs, and so on.
For example, there is good evidence that married people are on average much happier than those who have never married, divorced, or been widowed (Eysenck, 1990). However, an equally important part of the answer is that happy people tend to have a certain type of personality.
Costa and McCrae (1980) assumed that happy people experience many pleasant emotions, but very few unpleasant ones. They found that those who are high on extraversion (a personality dimension involving being sociable and outgoing) experience much more pleasant emotion than those who are low on extraversion.
They also found that those who are high on neuroticism (a personality dimension involving being anxious and depressed) experience many more negative emotions than those low on neuroticism. Those individuals high on extraversion and low on neuroticism were happy with their lives, whereas who were low on extraversion and high on neuroticism were unhappy.
2. Перепишите вопросы, дайте ответы на английском языке, основываясь на содержании прочитанного текста, и переведите на русский язык.
Do happy people tend to have a certain type of personality?
Why do you think some people are much happier than others?
What do usually happy people experience in their lives?
Are you high or low on extraversion (a personality dimension involving being sociable and outgoing)?
3. Ответьте на вопросы, выразив собственное мнение.
1. What is happiness in your opinion?
2. What can make a person be happy?
3. Are you happy? Can you give some of the reasons?
4. Перепишите данные слова и словосочетания на русском языке и напишите их эквиваленты, основываясь на содержании прочитанного текста.
иметь склонность к чему-л.; доказательство, свидетельство; в среднем; расторгать брак; овдоветь; в равной степени; тип личности; допускать, предполагать; черта характера личности, характеризующаяся импульсивностью, активностью, оживленностью, восприимчивостью, возбудимостью; коммуникабельный, контактный, общительный, компанейский, дружелюбный; невротическое состояние.