- •1. Stylistics and its objectives. Linguostylistics and literary stylistics.
- •2. The Stylistics of decoding
- •3. The concept of style.
- •4. The problems of functional styles of language. Different points of view on the classification of styles of the English language.
- •5. The style of scientific prose and its substyles.
- •6. The newspaper style and its peculiarities.
- •7. The style of official documents and its substyles. The peculiarities of the style
- •8. The publicistic style and its substyles, their peculiarities
- •9. The belles-letters style and its substyles. The linguistics features of the style.
- •10. The problem of the colloquial style. Its peculiarities
- •11. The concept of imagery. Tropes.
- •12, Classification of lexical stylistic devices.
- •13. Metaphor. Types of Metaphor
- •14. Classification of syntactical stylistic devices
- •17. Syntactical Stylistic Devices Based on Peculiar Linkage
- •18. Syntactical Stylistic Devices Based on Stylistic Use of Structural Meaning
- •19. Morphological stylistic means. Transposition.
- •20. Transposition of noun categories.
- •21. Phonetic stylistic devices.
- •22. The major features of English Versification
- •23. Graphical stylistic means.
- •24. Lexico-syntactical stylistic devices
- •25. Stylistic function and stylistic context
20. Transposition of noun categories.
Transposition - is a divergence between the traditional usage of a neutral word and its situational (stylistic) usage. Words of every part of speech are united by their semantic and grammatical properties. General lex.-gramm. meaning of nouns is substantivity. Due to the diverse nature of substantivity, nouns are divided into proper, common, concrete, abstract, material and collective. Cases of transposition emerge, in particular, when concrete nouns are used according to the rules of proper nouns usage, or vice versa. It results in creation of stylistic devises named antonomasia or personification. Besides general lex.-gramm. meaning, nouns possess grammatical meanings of the category of number and case. Stylistic potential of nouns is significantly reinforced by transpositions in the usage of articles as noun-determiners. Such transpositions occur against generally accepted normative postulates which run: articles are not used with names of persons and animals, some classes of geographical names, abstract nouns and names of material. Uncommon usage of articles aims at importing specific shades of meaning into speech.
21. Phonetic stylistic devices.
Phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices (onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance).
A phoneme has a strong associative and sound-instrumenting power. Due to its articulatory and acoustic properties certain ideas, feelings, images are awaken. It’s vivid in poetry. Onomatopoeia (sound imitation) is a combination of speech sounds which imitate sounds produced in nature (wind) by things (tools), by people (laughing), by animals (barking). ▲ plink, plink, fizz.
Direct onomatopoeia: words which imitate natural sounds. ▲ buzz. Indirect: combination of sounds which makes the sound of the utterance an echo of its sense. ▲ Камыши шуршат в тиши. Alliteration: repetition of similar consonant sounds in close succession. ▲ Functional, fashionable, formidable. Assonance: repetition of similar vowel sounds, usually in stressed syllables. ▲ Grace, space,pace.
Phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices (euphony, rhyme, rhythm).
A phoneme has a strong associative and sound-instrumenting power. Due to its articulatory and acoustic properties certain ideas, feelings, images are awaken. It’s vivid in poetry. Euphony: produced by alliteration or assonance. Sense of ease and comfort in producing or hearing. ▲ Favors unused are favors abused. Euphony is created by the assonance of the vowels [ei, u:] and alliteration [zd] frequent in proverbs. Rhyme: repetition of identical or similar terminal sounds or sound combinations in words. ▲ One, two, three, four, five. I caught a fish alive. Assonance of vowel [ai]. Rhythm: complex unit defined as a regular recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables (strong and weak elements) which determine the meter in poetry or the measured flow of words in prose.
▲ One, two, three, four. Mary at the cottage door.