- •1. Stylistics and its objectives. Linguostylistics and literary stylistics.
- •2. The Stylistics of decoding
- •3. The concept of style.
- •4. The problems of functional styles of language. Different points of view on the classification of styles of the English language.
- •5. The style of scientific prose and its substyles.
- •6. The newspaper style and its peculiarities.
- •7. The style of official documents and its substyles. The peculiarities of the style
- •8. The publicistic style and its substyles, their peculiarities
- •9. The belles-letters style and its substyles. The linguistics features of the style.
- •10. The problem of the colloquial style. Its peculiarities
- •11. The concept of imagery. Tropes.
- •12, Classification of lexical stylistic devices.
- •13. Metaphor. Types of Metaphor
- •14. Classification of syntactical stylistic devices
- •17. Syntactical Stylistic Devices Based on Peculiar Linkage
- •18. Syntactical Stylistic Devices Based on Stylistic Use of Structural Meaning
- •19. Morphological stylistic means. Transposition.
- •20. Transposition of noun categories.
- •21. Phonetic stylistic devices.
- •22. The major features of English Versification
- •23. Graphical stylistic means.
- •24. Lexico-syntactical stylistic devices
- •25. Stylistic function and stylistic context
1. Stylistics and its objectives. Linguostylistics and literary stylistics.
Stylistics, sometimes called lingvo-stylistics, is a branch of general linguistics, which studies the principles, and effect of choice and usage of different language elements in rendering thought and emotion under different conditions of communication. Objectives: a) the investigation of the inventory of special language media which by their ontological features secure the desirable effect of the utterance and b) certain types of texts (discourse) which due to the choice and arrangement of language means are distinguished by the pragmatic aspect of the communication. Types of stylistic research: literary stylistics; 2. linguistic st.; 3. Comparative st.; 4. Decoding st.; 5. Functional st.; 6. Stylistic lexicology; 7. Stylistic grammar. Literary stylistics аnd linguа-stуlistiсs hаvе some meeting points or links in that they have common objects of research. Consequently they have certain areas of сross-rеfеrеnсе. Both study the common ground of: 1. the literary language from the point of view of its variability; 2. the idiolect (individual speech) of а writer; 3. poetic speech that has its own specific laws. The points of difference proceed from the different points of analysis. While lingua-stylistics studies: 1. Functional styles (in their development and current state). 2. The linguistic nature of the expressive means of the language, their systematic character and their functions. Literary stylistics is focused оn: 1. The composition of а work of art; 2. Various literary genres; 3. Тhе writer's outlook.
Stylistics is concerned with such issues as: 1. The aesthetic function of language; 2. expressive means in language (aim to effect the reader or listener); 3. synonymous ways of rendering one and the same idea (with the change of wording a change in meaning takes place inevitably); 4. emotional colouring in language; 5. a system of special devices called stylistic devices; 6. the splitting of the literary language into separate systems called style; 7. the interrelation between language and thought; 8. the individual manner of an author in making use of the language.
It’s essential that we look at the object of stylistic study in its totality concerning all the above-mentioned problems.
2. The Stylistics of decoding
In terms of information theory the author's stylistics may be named the stylistics of the encoder: the language being viewed as the code to shape the information into the message, and the supplier of the information, respectively, as the encoder. The addressee in this case plays the part of the decoder of the information contained in the message; and the problems connected with adequate reception of the message without any informational losses or deformations, i.e., with adequate decoding, are the concern of decoding stylistics.
A comparatively new branch of stylistics is the decoding stylistics, which can be traced back to the works of L. V. Shcherba, В. А. Larin, М, Riffaterre, R. Jackobson and other scholars of the Prague linguistic circle. А serious contribution into this branch of stylistic study was also made bу Prof. I.У. Arnold. Each act of speech has the performer, or sender of speech and the recipient. Тhе former does the act of еnсоding and the latter the act of decoding the information. If we analyze the text from the author's (encoding) point of view we should consider the epoch, the historical situation, the personal political, social and aesthetic views of the author. But if we try to treat the same text from the reader's angle of view we shall have to disregard this, background knowledge and get the maximum information from the text itself (its vocabu1ary, соmроsition, sеntеnсе arrangement, еtс.) The first approach manifests the prevalence of the literary analysis. Тhе second is based almost exclusively оn the linguistic analysis. Decoding stylistics is an attempt to harmoniously соmbine the two methоds of stylistic research and еnаbе the scholar to interpret а work of art with а minimum loss of its purport and message.