9. Structure of names

Material basis of the names and remain opportunities of the given people’s language. If the group of borrowed names “is beautifully entwined” in the language, it creates the precondition for the fashion. For example, in Russia in 20-40s of the XX century borrowed European and again thought up on the sample of European names became fashionable with initial E: Elvira, Elvina, Elisa, Elfrida, Estella, etc.

Arising in one place, the fashion “rolls” on the considerable territory grasping various layers of the society. It allows at revealing the most frequent and most rare names to use not overall selections, but some “average” data which do not represent a full spectrum of names on the areas, but transfer the common tendencies in appropriation of names and anyway are enough significant concerning a fashion on names.

M.Schetinin marks that people making up a name strive to create something original and choose that name which fashion and tradition prompt. And, contrary to their expectations , a name individual in its way with relentless inevitability turns into a standard one.

It is clear from the given above review that the structure of names and their social and ideological loading in many respects are determined by social, historical, economic and other factors, which interfering in purely language processes of onomastics ( proper names are words which develop under the laws of language ) can precipitate or slow down them.

10. Names and their undelying mythology

Eponyms .Achilles. Probably the best-known and most widespread neurological eponym is Achilles reflex or ankle jerk. Responsible muscle and nerve are muscle triceps surae and nerve tibialis, respectively.The reflex name comes from Achilles’s tendon ( tendo calcaneus – the gastronemius muscle tendon inserting into the posterior surface of the calcaneus bone of the heel) , so –named in association with Achilles’s heel

Achilles ( Greek Achilleus )= the son of Peleus, king of Tsessaly, and sea goddess Thetis- was the greatest warrior among the Greeks in the Trojan War and slayer of Hector. Achilles was vulnerable only in the heel. Thetis wanted to make herson immortal and dipped him into the river Styx holding him by the heel.

Ammon. Ammon’s horn (cornu Ammonis) –name for hippocampus (also eponym) , a structure in the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain ( part of the limbic system of the brain).

Ammon -the Greek name of an Egyptian oracle god Amun , whose main sanctuary was at Siwa in the Libyan Desert. Ammon (Amun) –the king of Egyptian gods, was the deity of fertility, later as Ammon Ra –the god of Sun, the Patron of Egyptian pharaohs. The cult of Ammon spread to the Greek world (Zeus –Ammon).

Hercules ( from Greek Herakles) –the mythical Greek hero (son of Zeus and Alcmene) was known for his exceptional strength. On the paroxysm of madness (sent by Hera) , Hercules killed his wife and 3 sons. To expiate this horrible sin , he was forced to perform 12 labors imposed on him by his cousin, king Eurystheus. The name Herculean disease derived from the belief that vigorous strength and violence (madness, cloudiness of the mind ) of Hercules springs up during the epileptic fits. Another version denies that Hercules suffered from epilepsy and believes that the name of the hero was meant to indicate the greatness of the disease.

Minerva. There is no direct neurological eponym with the name Minerva, except minerya jacked, a special cast used for high cervical instability and whiplash injures. Nevertheless, this name relates to neurology, as Minerva (Greek Athena), the goddess of wisdom sprang fully grown and in full armor from the head of Jupiter (Zeus), which was struck by Vulcan (Hephaestus).