5. The use of names in different spheres

In XIX century already Russia the female name Tatyana became popular , owing to the heroine of “Eugene Onegin”, as well as many other names from works of art, becoming a symbol of an attractive image. Russian names spread in Bulgaria, for example, Lyudmila – under the influence of A.S.Pushkin’s masterpiece, Aksinya –from M.Sholokhov’s “The Quiet Don”, Oleg –from A.Fadeev’s “Young Guards”.

Proper names in literary works often play a specific role assisting authors to portray the reality more effectively in the view of their ideologically-aesthetic positions.

One of basic preconditions of realness of art in conformity of personal names used in it to laws of national onomastic systems. Therefore, there is no wonder, that many great writers kept a look-out on people’s names, worked thoroughly on onomastic material. Succeefully chosen name becomes additional means of the character and strengthens emotional impression of the whole work.

Each literary name receives a certain stylistic loading aimed to make the hero called by this name more vivid and evident. Classifying names of literary heroes according to their stylistic function in the work, we would like to point out following groups of names:

1. Neutral names, appropriation of which is the most typical for the protagonists of the English literature. The most characteristic type is the local names formed from nicknames, patronymic or professional names: Manson, Dombey, Copperfield, Sawyer.

2. Descriptive (characterizing) names contain direct or indirect characteristics of their bearers :Sir Dedlock , Mr.Krook, Headstone and others.

3. Parody names, among which we can single out so-called names-stereotypes. Their stylistic function is to express of mass character, stereotype of designated persons. Charles Dickens widely used these names : Boodle, Doodle, Duffy, Guffy.

4. Associative names which by their visual and sound from cause in the reader the associations specifying and deepening the features of the characters: Miss Flite, Murstone, Mrs.Pipchin, Mr. Toots.

As literature is one of the main for creating and giving names , then onomastics, in its turn, is one of the main sourses for creating and forming new phraseological units. Well-known connoisseur of English phraseology Logan P.Smith wrote about idioms:”Their internal content reflects people’s life:reasonable or silly behavior , success or failure, and foremost, relations between people, impressions and feelings of people interested in each other, approval and more often disapproval, friendliness and animosity, quarrel and reconciliation ,rivalry, insidiousness, condemnation, punishment, etc.

Phraseology is closely connected with history, culture, traditions and literature of people speaking on the given language. This connection is most precisely traced in those phraseological units in which structure we can observe a proper name. A great deal of set expression of this type are connected with the facts of past times, the motivation of proper names ( and the whole phraseological unit) disappeared long ago and can be reconstructed only by etymological analysis. From the synchronic view the majority of such phraseological units lost their motivation. When Englishmen use the expression Hobson’s choice which means absence of any choice”, they usually do not know that Hobson was the surname of really existed owner of a stable who did not give his clients the right to choose a horse. Being a component of a phraseological unit, in its structure the proper name obeys the same laws as common nouns. A proper name in the structure of a phraseological unit frequently becomes “the potential word”, lexically “devastated”. The occurrence of “common gender “meaning is observed quite often , and it proves the abstract character of the meanings of proper name in the units of this type.

Vocabulary of language is exposed to changes. Therefore the phraseological fund also changes, it is enriched and updated, and of course new phraseological units with proper names enter in it. New names appear in society life, new associative connections arise which give birth to new phraseological units. We are indisputably interested in the analysis of proper name, a component of phraseological unit which allows limiting a circle of the names most often occurring in phraseology.