
- •With what references are the consumers compare product prices?
- •What are the objectives of sales-promotion? Give the characteristics each of them?
- •Communication process.
- •New product development process
- •Give the characteristic of direct marketing.
- •6. What are the differences between primary types of price deals?
- •10. Developing process of new product. Stage’s characteristic.
- •Give the proposition for averting communications barriers.
- •12. What are the methods for companies deciding on the promotion budget? Explain each of them.
- •13. Expand methods of marketing research. Examples.
- •14. What is the difference primary and secondary data? Name and justify the advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary data.
- •15. Explain the purpose and nature of product policy.
- •16. Compare the marketing of all types of business goods.
- •17. Give the characteristic of stages of developing new products.
- •18. What are the main reasons that may hinder success of new products on the market?
- •19. Compare the marketing of consumer and business goods.
- •20. Explain the features of business and non-profit marketing
- •21. Reveal how factors internal and external environment affect marketing activities.
- •Explain three categories of new products and marketing activity of them.
- •Imitative products that are new to a particular company but not new to the market;
- •Compare the marketing of all types of consumer goods.
- •The common methods of marketing pricing.
- •Stages of marketing research.
- •Objectives and resources of communications process.
- •27.Give the characteristics of the common forms of marketing activities. Give the examples.
- •Give the characteristics and differences of all types of brand managers.
- •Give the characteristics of types of the marketing control.
- •What is the marketing plan? Give its characteristics and sphere of its using.
- •Content of the marketing plan
- •Marketing plan process. Give the characteristics of each elements of this model.
- •What are the needs, wants and demand? What are the differences? Give the examples.
- •What is the marketing network? Give the characteristics of each element
- •35. How the sellers’ four Ps correspond to the customers’ four Cs? Explain all position of them.
- •36. Give the main differences between non-profit and business marketing.
- •37. What the marketing depending on the objects is?
- •38. Types of marketing depending on the nature and scope of the existing and desired demand
- •39. What are the market segmentation and positioning? Give the characteristics of them.
- •40. What are the criteria for effective segmentation? Give the characteristics each of them.
- •41. What are the segmentation’s strategies? Give the characteristics and differences each of them.
- •42. The categories of marketing research firms. Give the characteristics and differences each of them.
- •43. General types of research designs. Give the characteristics and differences each of them.
- •44. In what ways primary data can be collected? Give the characteristics each of them.
- •45. In what ways secondary data can be collected? Give the characteristics each of them.
- •Stages in the adoption process of new product. Give the characteristics each of them.
- •What is the adoption rate? What are the characteristics affected the adoption rate?
- •What is the price/quality relationship? Consumer’s strategies of pricing.
- •Give the characteristics of the common methods for companies deciding on the promotion budget.
- •Give the characteristics of the factors in developing company’s promotion mix.
The common methods of marketing pricing.
Basic approaches of determining price:
Mark up pricing
Break-even analysis
Target Return pricing
Price-sensitivity measurement
Retailers typically use same of marketing pricing, where mark up is the difference between the cost of an item and the retail price ,expressed as a percentage is determined by adding a set percentage to the cost of the product. These percentages are often standardized across product categories.
Price = unit cost + mark up
Price = unit cost/(1-k)
In some cases the retailers may wish to know the markup changed for a product given the price and the original cost
Mark up(%)= ((price-unit cost)/price)*100%)
Break-even point analysis(BEP) is a useful guide for pricing decisions. It involves calculation the number of units units that must the sold at a certain price for the firm to cover costs.
Q(BEP)= FC/(P-VC)
Once sufficielt sales (or qualities sold) cover fixed costs, the quality(P-VC) is typically referred as the product is contribution margin.
Target return pricing is a cost-oriented approach that sets prices to achieve some deserved rate of return.
Cost and profit estimates are based on some expected volume or sales level.
Target-return pricing forecast a fair or needed of return.
Stages of marketing research.
Effective marketing research involves the 5 steps:
Develop the research plan
Collect the information
Define the problem and research objectives
Analyze of information
Present the findinds
Objectives and resources of communications process.
Communication is the sharing or exchange of thought by oral, written, or nonverbal means.
Marketing communication is concerned with the general behavior of an organization and the perceptions of the organization that are promoted to stakeholders and prospect clients through these touch points.
Marketing communication is focused on product/produce/service as opposed to corporate communications where the focus of communications with is the company itself.
Marketing communication is primarily concerned with demand generation, product/produce/service positioning whole corporate communications deal with issue management, mergers and acquisitions.
Marketing communication is a subset of the overall subject area known as marketing.
27.Give the characteristics of the common forms of marketing activities. Give the examples.
Forms of modern marketing activities:
The most common is the functional organization, in which functional specialist head different marketing activities- a sales manager, advertising manager, marketing research manager, customer service manager, new-product manager.
A company that sells across the country or internationally often uses a geographic organization, in which its sales and marketing people run specific countries, regions, and districts. A geographic organization allows salespeople to settle in to a territory, get to know their customers, and work with a minimum of travel time and cost.
Companies with many, very different product or brands often create a product management or brand management organization. Using this approach, a manager develops and implements a complete strategy and marketing program for a specific product or brand.