- •With what references are the consumers compare product prices?
- •What are the objectives of sales-promotion? Give the characteristics each of them?
- •Communication process.
- •New product development process
- •Give the characteristic of direct marketing.
- •6. What are the differences between primary types of price deals?
- •10. Developing process of new product. Stage’s characteristic.
- •Give the proposition for averting communications barriers.
- •12. What are the methods for companies deciding on the promotion budget? Explain each of them.
- •13. Expand methods of marketing research. Examples.
- •14. What is the difference primary and secondary data? Name and justify the advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary data.
- •15. Explain the purpose and nature of product policy.
- •16. Compare the marketing of all types of business goods.
- •17. Give the characteristic of stages of developing new products.
- •18. What are the main reasons that may hinder success of new products on the market?
- •19. Compare the marketing of consumer and business goods.
- •20. Explain the features of business and non-profit marketing
- •21. Reveal how factors internal and external environment affect marketing activities.
- •Explain three categories of new products and marketing activity of them.
- •Imitative products that are new to a particular company but not new to the market;
- •Compare the marketing of all types of consumer goods.
- •The common methods of marketing pricing.
- •Stages of marketing research.
- •Objectives and resources of communications process.
- •27.Give the characteristics of the common forms of marketing activities. Give the examples.
- •Give the characteristics and differences of all types of brand managers.
- •Give the characteristics of types of the marketing control.
- •What is the marketing plan? Give its characteristics and sphere of its using.
- •Content of the marketing plan
- •Marketing plan process. Give the characteristics of each elements of this model.
- •What are the needs, wants and demand? What are the differences? Give the examples.
- •What is the marketing network? Give the characteristics of each element
- •35. How the sellers’ four Ps correspond to the customers’ four Cs? Explain all position of them.
- •36. Give the main differences between non-profit and business marketing.
- •37. What the marketing depending on the objects is?
- •38. Types of marketing depending on the nature and scope of the existing and desired demand
- •39. What are the market segmentation and positioning? Give the characteristics of them.
- •40. What are the criteria for effective segmentation? Give the characteristics each of them.
- •41. What are the segmentation’s strategies? Give the characteristics and differences each of them.
- •42. The categories of marketing research firms. Give the characteristics and differences each of them.
- •43. General types of research designs. Give the characteristics and differences each of them.
- •44. In what ways primary data can be collected? Give the characteristics each of them.
- •45. In what ways secondary data can be collected? Give the characteristics each of them.
- •Stages in the adoption process of new product. Give the characteristics each of them.
- •What is the adoption rate? What are the characteristics affected the adoption rate?
- •What is the price/quality relationship? Consumer’s strategies of pricing.
- •Give the characteristics of the common methods for companies deciding on the promotion budget.
- •Give the characteristics of the factors in developing company’s promotion mix.
10. Developing process of new product. Stage’s characteristic.
Stages in the development process:
Generating new products ideas. New product development starts with an idea. A system must be designed for stimulating new ideas within an organization and then reviewing them promptly.
Screening ideas. As this stage new-products ideas are valuated to determine which ones warrant further study.
Business analysis. A surviving idea is expended into a concrete business proposal. During the stage of business analysis, management:
identifies product features;
estimates market demand; competition, and the products profitability;
establishes a program to develop the product;
assigns responsibility for further study of the product’s feasibility.
Prototype development. If the result of the business analysis are favorable, then a prototype (or trial model) of the product is developed. In the case of services, the facilities and procedures necessary to produce and deliver the new product are designed and tested.
Market tests. Unlike the internal tests conducted during prototype development, market tests involve actual consumer. A new tangible product may be given to a sample of people for use in their household (in the case of a consumer good) or their organizations (a business good).
Commercialization. In this stage, full-scale production and marketing programs are planned and then implemented. Up to this point in development, management has virtually complete control over the product.
Give the proposition for averting communications barriers.
Barriers and the stages:
Message should be not too lengthy, disorganized or contains errors.
Don’t use poor verbal and body language can also confuse the message.
Don’t offer too much information too fast.
To be mindful of the demands on other people’s time, especially in today’s ultra-busy society.
12. What are the methods for companies deciding on the promotion budget? Explain each of them.
Four common methods for companies deciding on the promotion budget:
Affordable method. Many companies set the promotion budget at what management thinks the firm can afford. However, this methods ignores the role of promotion as an investment and the immediate impact of promotion on sales volume, it also leads to an uncertain annual budget, making long-range planning difficult.
Percentage-of-sales method. Many firms set promotion expenditures at a specified percentage of sales (either current or anticipated) or of the sales price. Supporters say this method links promotion expenditures to the movement of corporate sales over the business cycle, encourages management to consider the interrelationship of promotion cost, selling price, and unit profit; and the encourages stability when competing firms spend approximately the same percentage.
Competitive-parity method. Some companies set their promotion budget to achieve snare-of-voice parity with competitors.
Objective-and-task method. Here, marketers develop promotion budgets by defining specific objectives, determining the task that must be performed to achieve these objectives, and estimating the costs of performing these tasks. The sum of these costs is the proposed promotion budget.