Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

National Pedagogical University M. P. Dragomanov

Institute of Political Science and Law

Summary on

“Government and Politics”

made by: Mashtaler A. V.

Group: 44 Pol

Kyiv – 2014

CONTEN

Introduction 4

How is political power distributed among members of society? 5

II. TYPES OF AUTHORITY 7

2.1. Traditional Authority 7

2.2. Legal-Rational Authority 7

2.3. Charismatic Authority 8

III. TYPES OF GOVERNMENT 10

3.1. Monarchy 10

3.2. Oligarchy 10

3.3. Dictatorship and Totalitarianism 10

3.4. Democracy 11

IV. POLITICAL BEHAVIOR IN THE UNITED STATES 12

4.1. Political Socialization 13

4.2. Participation and Apathy 15

4.3. Women and Politics 16

4.4. Interest Groups 17

V. MODELS OF POWER STRUCTURE IN THE UNITED STATES 19

5.1. Elite Model 19

5.2. Pluralist Model 21

5.3. Who Does Rule? 22

SUMMARY 23

KEY TERMS 24

References: 26

Introduction 3

I. POWER 3

How is political power distributed among members of society? 3

II. TYPES OF AUTHORITY 4

2.1. Traditional Authority 4

2.2. Legal-Rational Authority 4

2.3. Charismatic Authority 5

III. TYPES OF GOVERNMENT 5

3.1. Monarchy 6

3.2. Oligarchy 6

3.3. Dictatorship and Totalitarianism 6

3.4. Democracy 7

IV. POLITICAL BEHAVIOR IN THE UNITED STATES 8

4.1. Political Socialization 8

4.2. Participation and Apathy 9

4.3. Women and Politics 10

4.4. Interest Groups 11

V. MODELS OF POWER STRUCTURE IN THE UNITED STATES 12

5.1. Elite Model 12

5.2. Pluralist Model 14

5.3. Who Does Rule? 15

5.4. SUMMARY 15

5.5. KEY TERMS 16

References: 17

Introduction

Political system is one of the subsystem of society, and play sufficient role in our life.

The term political system refers to a recognized set of procedures for implementing and obtaining the goals of a group.

Each society must have a political system in order to maintain recognized procedures for allocating valued resources. In political scientist Harold Lasswell’s (1936) terms, politics is who gets what, when, and how. Thus, like religion and the family, a political system is a cultural universal; it is a social institution found in every society.

We will focus on government and politics within the United States as well as other industrialized nations and preindustrial societies. In their study of politics and political systems, sociologists are concerned with social interactions among individuals and groups and their impact on the larger political order. For example, in studying the controversy over the nomination of Judge Robert Bork, sociologists might wish to focus on how a change in the group structure of American society—the increasing importance of the black vote for southern Democratic candidates—affected the decision making of Howell Heflin and other senators (and, ultimately, the outcome of the Bork confirmation battle). From a sociological perspective, therefore, a fundamental question is: how do a nation’s social conditions affect its day-to-day political and governmental life?