Practical phonetics

Remember the following terms:

an alphabet ['ælfəbət] / ABC - алфавит

a sound [ saʊnd ] - звук

a letter [ ‘letə ] – буква

a silent [ ‘saIlənt] letter – непроизносимая буква

a letter combination [,kɒmbɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n] - буквосочетание

a vowel ['vaʊəl] – гласный звук, гласная буква

a long vowel – долгий гласный звук

a short vowel – краткий гласный звук

a diphthong ['dɪfθɒŋ] - дифтонг

a consonant ['kɒn(t)s(ə)nənt] – согласный звук, согласная буква

a vowel combination – сочетание гласных букв

a consonant combination – сочетание согласных букв

voiced [ vɔIst ] - звонкий

voiceless [ ‘vɔIsləs] – глухой

interdental [ ,ɪntə'dent(ə)l] – межзубный

alveolar [,ælvɪ'əulə] sound – альвеолярный звук, т.е. при произношении звука кончик языка находится на альвеолах

a syllable [ ‘sɪləbl ] – слог

an open syllable – открытый слог

a closed syllable – закрытый слог

to pronounce [prə'naʊns] – произносить

pronunciation [prə ,nʌnsɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n] – призношение

aspiration [,æsp(ə)'reɪʃ(ə)n] - придыхание

to transcribe [træn'skraɪb] – транскибировать

transcription [træn'skrɪpʃ(ə)n] – транскрипция, транскрибирование

a type of reading – тип чтения

a phonetic symbol [fə'netɪk 'sɪmb(ə)l] – фонетический знак, знак фонетической транскрипции

stress [ stres ] - ударение

stressed [ strest ] - ударный

unstressed [ ʌn’strest ] - безударный

intonation [ ,ɪntəu'neɪʃ(ə)n] – интонация

The English Alphabet (26 letters)

A a [ eI ] J j [ dʒeI ] S s [ es ]

B b [ bi: ] K k [ keI ] T t [ ti: ]

C c [ si: ] L l [ el ] U u [ ju: ]

D d [ di: ] M m [ em ] V v [ vi: ]

E e [ i: ] N n [ en ] W w [ ‘dʌblju: ]

F f [ ef ] O o [ əu ] X x [ eks ]

G g [ dʒi: ] P p [ pi: ] Y y [ waI ]

H h [ eItʃ ] Q q [ kju: ] Z z [ zed ]

I i [ aI ] R r [ a: ]

Phonetic symbols (45 sounds)

I. Vowels

[ I ], short stressed vowel, ex. sit [ sIt ]

[ i ], short unstressed vowel, ex. happy [ ‘hæpi ]

[ i: ], long vowel, ex. see [ si: ]

[ e ], short stressed vowel, ex. ten [ ten ]

[ ə ], short unstressed vowel, ex. ago [ə ‘gəu ]

[ æ ], short wide open vowel, ex. hat [ hæt ]

[ 3: ], long vowel, ex. first [ f3:st ]

[ ʌ ], short stressed vowel, ex. bus [ bʌs ]

[ a: ], long vowel, ex. arm [ a:m ]

[ ɒ ], short stressed vowel, ex. got [ gɒt ]

[ ɔ: ], long vowel, ex. saw [ sɔ: ]

[ ʊ ], short stressed vowel, ex. put [ pʊt ]

[ u: ], long vowel, ex. too [ tu: ]

II. Diphthongs. Diphthongs are two vowel sounds pronounced together. The first sound is strong, the second is weak.

[ eI ], ex. page [ peIdʒ ] [ ɔI ], ex. join [ dʒɔI ]

[ əʊ ], ex. home [ həʊm ] [ Iə ], ex. near [ nIə ]

[ aI ], ex. five [ faIv ] [ eə ], ex. hair [ heə ]

[ aʊ ], ex. now [ naʊ ] [ ʊə ], ex. poor [ pʊə ]