4.3.Read the text and say what new facts you have found in it:

Hooked On The Net.

The latest addiction to trap thousands of people is the Internet, which has been blamed for broken relationships; job losses, financial ruins and even suicide.

Psychologists now recognize Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) as a new illness that could cause serious problems and ruin many lives.

IAS is similar to other problems like gambling, smoking and drinking: addicts have dreams about the Internet; they need to use it first thing in the morning; they lie to their parents and partners about how much time they spend online; they wish they could cut down, but are unable to do so.

Many users spend up to 40 hours a week on the Internet. Some of the addicts are teenagers who are already hooked on computer games and who find it very difficult to resist the games on the Internet.

5.Speak on the topic “Mass Media”.

Unit 10. ENGINEERING – MY SPECIALITY

Vocabulary and speech exercises.

Read the words and study their meaning:

Engineering – инженерное дело; техника

benefit (v) – приносить пользу

technology (n) – техника, технические и прикладные науки; технология

technique (n) – техника, технические приемы

power (n) – энергия, сила, мощность

range (n) – ряд; сфера; радиус действия

circuit (n) – схема, эл. цепь

explore (v) – исследовать

supply (v) – снабжать (with); поставлять; (техн) подавать; питать

consumer (n) – потребитель

environment (n) – окружающая среда

overlap (v) – частично совпадать

deal with (v) – заниматься; иметь дело (с)

fuel (n) – топливо

refer (to) (v) – ссылаться (на)

concern (v) – иметь отношение; заниматься

effort(s) (n) – усилие, целенаправленная работа

measure (v) – измерять

determine (v) – определять

purify (v) – очищать

treat (v) – обрабатывать; подвергать действию (with)

to be involved (in) – заниматься; затрагивать

reliable (adj) – надежный

damage (n) – ущерб

waste disposal (w. сomb) – устранение, утилизация отходов

opportunity (n) – возможность

skill(s) (n) – умения, навыки

relevant (adj) – уместный, относящийся к делу

award (v) – присуждать

degree (n) – степень, звание

Language practice.

Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress:

'process (n) 'specialize 'control (n)

'practical re'source elect'ronic

'business pro'fession 'modern

'system ope'ration techno'logical

'project communi'cation uni'versity

'product pro'cess (v) ma'terial

Read and translate words of the same root:

Special – speciality – specialize – specialized – specialization; skill – skilled; technology – technological; environment – environmental; design – designer; combine – combination; produce – production; electron – electronic – electronics; industry – industrial; equip – equipment; reliable – reliability; nature – natural; treat – treatment; divide – division – subdivision; heat – heating.

Read the following word-combinations and give their Russian equivalents:

Aircraft designer; field of technology; to be responsible for; particular occupation; wide variety of activities; electronic circuit; scientific / processing equipment; electronic power; water supply systems; environmental pollution; reliable forms of energy; natural resources; production techniques; waste disposal; raw materials; finished products; public utilities; research and development; to be involved in; to be in demand; branch of engineering; a piece of equipment; employment opportunities; to graduate from.

Add to your active vocabulary:

1. mechanical engineer – инженер-механик

electric engineer – инженер-электрик

electronic engineer – инженер электроник

computer engineer – инженер-компьютерщик

2. to choose a career – выбирать карьеру

to improve one’s qualification – повышать квалификацию

to look for a (new) job (work, position) – искать (новую) работу

to apply for a (new) job – претендовать на какую-либо работу

application for a position of – заявление на какую-либо должность

resumé – резюме

C. V. (curriculum vitae) – автобиография

to be hired / fired – быть нанятым / уволенным

prestigious job (work) – престижная работа

well-paid job – высокооплачиваемая работа

employee – наемный рабочий, служащий

employer – наймодатель

state- employed – государственный служащий

to be unemployed – быть безработным

Read the text and get ready to answer the questions:

My speciality Engineering.

Last year I entered the Gomel State Technical University named after the famous aircraft designer Pavel Sukhoi. The University trains engineers in many fields of technology and business. I specialize in (chose) engineering as the engineering profession is responsible for much of today’s industrial technology which has benefited people in numerous ways.

Engineering is the profession that puts scientific knowledge to practical use. The word “engineering” comes from the Latin word ingeniare, which means to design or to create. Engineers use principles of science to design structures, machines, and products of all kinds. They look for better ways to use existing resources and often develop new materials. Engineers have had a direct role in the creation of most of modern technology – the tools, materials, techniques, and power sources that make our lives easier.

The field of engineering includes a wide variety of activities. For example, engineering projects range from the construction of huge dams to the design of tiny electronic circuits. Engineers may help produce guided missiles, industrial robots, or artificial limbs for the physically handicapped. They develop complex scientific equipment to explore the reaches of outer space and the depths of the oceans. Engineers also plan our electronic power and water supply systems, and do research to improve automobiles, television sets, and other consumer products. They may work to reduce environmental pollution, increase the world’s food supply, and make transportation faster and safer. Numerous areas of engineering overlap, and engineers from different specialities often work closely together on projects.

Electrical Engineering deals with the development, production, and testing of electrical and electronic devices and equipment. Electrical engineers design equipment to produce and distribute electricity. This equipment includes generators run by water power, coal, oil, and nuclear fuels; transmission lines; and transformers. Electrical engineers also design and develop electric motors and other electrical machinery as well as ignition systems used in automobiles, aircraft, and other engines. They work to improve such devices as air conditioners, food processors, and vacuum cleaners.

Electrical engineers who specialize in electronic equipment are often referred to as electronics engineers. Electronics engineers play an essential role in the production of communications satellites, computers, industrial robots, medical and scientific instruments, missile control systems, and radar, radio, and television sets. Some engineers in the electronics field develop master plans for the parts and connections of miniature integrated circuits, which control the electric signals in most electronic devices. Many electronics engineers design, build, and program complex computer systems to perform particular tasks. Telecommunication, the transmission and reception of messages over long distances, is another major speciality of electronics engineering.

Environmental Engineering concerns efforts to prevent and control air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Environmental engineers develop equipment to measure pollution levels and conduct experiments to determine the effects of various kinds of pollutants. They design air pollution control devices and operate water purification systems and water treatment plants. Environmental engineers are also involved in the development of cleaner and more reliable forms of energy and in developing ways to make the best present and future use of natural resources. Environmental engineers work with agricultural and mining engineers to develop production techniques that do the least possible damage to the land. They assist civil engineers in the design of water supply, waste disposal, and ventilation systems and chemical and nuclear engineers in waste disposal.

Materials Engineering deals with the structure, properties, production, and uses of various materials. Materials engineers work with both metallic and nonmetallic substances. They try to improve existing materials and develop new uses for them, as well as to develop new materials to meet specific needs. Mining and engineering are major subdivisions of materials engineering. Mining engineers work closely with geologists to locate and appraise deposits of minerals.

Other materials engineers specialize in the production and uses of such synthetic materials as ceramics and plastic. Materials engineers help develop new materials for the aerospace, biomedical, construction, electronic, and nuclear fields. They cooperate with chemical, industrial, and mechanical engineers in working out the complex processes that convert raw materials into finished products.

Mechanical Engineering involves the production, transmission, and use of mechanical power. Mechanical engineers design, operate, and test all kinds of machines. They develop and build engines that produce power from steam, gasoline, nuclear fuels, and other sources of energy. They also develop and build a wide variety of machines that use power, including air-conditioning, heating, and ventilation equipment; machine tools; and industrial-processing equipment. Mechanical engineers are involved in every phase in the development of a machine, from the construction of an experimental model to the installation of the finished machine and the training of the workers who will use it.

Mechanical engineers work in many industries, such as power generation, public utilities, transportation, and all types of manufacturing. Many mechanical engineers concentrate on research and development because new types of machinery are continually in demand. Mechanical engineers are involved in almost every other branch of engineering, whenever a new or improved machine, device, or piece of equipment is required.

The University I study at provides opportunities for students to specialize in the chosen field of engineering and prepares them to enter particular occupations in industry, commerce and public services. The typical academic program for the University students is composed of a varying number of courses or subjects within a field of specialization. Courses are a combination of lectures, seminars, tutorials and laboratory works. The courses are designed to equip students with the knowledge and practical skills required for engineers and applied scientists in a wide range of industrial sectors, government organizations and research laboratories. Many students conduct research or project work which is directly relevant to their interests and career ambitions.

The course of study at the University is concluded by the presentation of the diploma project and the award of a degree or diploma of an engineer. As the profession of an engineer is quite diversified, there are a lot of employment opportunities and I am optimistic about finding a job in my field. To my mind every profession needs people who are hard-working, disciplined, well-qualified for this or that job and who are very responsible. The most important thing for me now is to study well and to graduate from the University.

Post – text exercises.

Answer the following questions:

1. When did you enter the GSTU?

2. Why did you choose the engineering profession?

3. What is the origin of the word “ engineering”?

4. What do engineers do?

5. What does the field of engineering include?

6. What fields of engineering are mentioned in the text?

7. What does Electrical Engineering deal with?

8. What kind of equipment do electrical engineers design, develop and improve?

9. What do electronics engineers do?

10. What are environmental engineers involved in?

11. What can you tell about Materials Engineering?

12. What are major subdivisions of materials engineering?

13. Who(m) do materials engineers cooperate with?

14. What does Mechanical Engineering involve?

15. What do mechanical engineers do?

16. Does the GSTU provide opportunities for students to enter particular occupations?

17. What is the typical academic program composed of?

18. How are the courses designed?

19. The course of study at the University is concluded by the presentation of the diploma project and the award of a degree or diploma of an engineer, isn’t it?

20. Are there a lot of employment opportunities for the graduates?

Complete the following sentences according to the text:

1. Last year I entered …

2. The University trains …

3. I chose engineering because the engineering profession …

4. The word “ engineering” comes from …

5. Engineers use …

6. They look for …

7. Engineering projects range from …

8. Engineers help …, develop …, do research to …

9. Numerous areas of engineering overlap, and …

10. Electrical Engineering deals with …

11. Electronics engineers play …

12. Environmental engineers develop …, design …, are also involved in …

13. Materials Engineering deals with …

14. Materials engineers work with …, try to …, help to develop…, cooperate with …

15. Mechanical Engineering involves …

16. Mechanical engineers develop and build …

17. They are involved in …

18. Mechanical engineers work in …

19. The University I study at provides …

20. The typical academic program is composed of …

21. The courses are designed to …

22. Many students conduct …

23. The course of study is concluded by …

24. As the profession of an engineer is …, there are …

25. I am optimistic about … and the most important thing for me now is …

Practice with someone asking and answering questions about the field of engineering you specialize in.

Use the following formulas to express a request (1) and give a reply (2):

1. Could you (possibly) …?

Would (will) you, please …?

Would you kindly …?

I wonder if (whether) …?

Do you happen to know …?

2. With pleasure; Most willingly; All right.

Translate from Russian into English:

1. В прошлом году я поступил в ГГТУ имени П. О. Сухого.

2. Университет готовит инженеров во многих областях.

3. Я выбрал инженерную профессию потому, что благодаря ей появилась современная техника, которая дала много полезного людям.

4. Инженерное дело реализует на практике научные знания.

5. Инженеры используют научные принципы в конструировании сооружений, механизмов и всевозможных изделий.

6. Они принимают непосредственное участие в создании большинства современной техники – станков/инструментов, материалов, технических приемов, новых источников энергии.

7. Инженерная деятельность очень разнообразна, например, инженерные проекты могут варьироваться от проектирования/строительства гигантских дамб до конструирования миниатюрных электронных схем.

8. Инженеры разрабатывают сложное научное оборудование для исследования открытого космоса и океанских глубин.

9. Они также проектируют системы элекро- и водоснабжения, проводят исследования с целью усовершенствования автомобилей, телевизоров и других товаров потребления.

10. Инженеры могут заниматься проблемами уменьшения загрязнения окружающей среды, увеличения обеспечения продуктами питания, проблемами безопасности и скоростного транспорта.

11. Многие области инженерного дела частично накладываются одна на другую и инженеры разных специализаций часто сотрудничают при разработке проектов.

12. Электротехника включает в себя (имеет дело с) разработку, производство и испытание электрических и электронных устройств и оборудования .

13. Инженеры-электроники/механики конструируют …, специализируются в …, занимаются …

14. Университет, в котором я учусь, предоставляет студентам возможность специализироваться в избранной ими области инженерного дела и готовит их к конкретным видам деятельности (должностям) в промышленности, коммерческой сфере и сфере услуг.

15. Учебная программа состоит из ряда курсов или учебных предметов в рамках специализации.

16. Учебные курсы (предметы) представляют собой сочетание лекций, семинаров, аудиторных занятий и лабораторных работ.

17. Учебные курсы спланированы таким образом, чтобы дать студентам знания и практические навыки, необходимые инженерам и ученым-практикам.

18. Многие студенты проводят конструкторскую и исследовательскую работу, непосредственно связанную с их интересами и (планируемой) карьерой.

19. Курс обучения в университете завершается представлением дипломного проекта и присуждением степени или диплома инженера.

20. Поскольку профессия инженера чрезвычайно многообразна, существует множество возможностей трудоустройства.

21. Я надеюсь найти работу по специальности после окончания университета.

Here are some viewpoints on “How to train specialists better.” Give your arguments for and against. You may use the hints given below (a – f).

1. Syllabuses (программы курса и т.д.) are overloaded. Not every scrap of knowledge which students acquire find application.

2. There is no such things as useless knowledge.

3. Text books should be more self-instructive.

4. Some courses rush the students too quickly even though they are very important; others are too slow.

5. Higher schools, especially technical ones, should admit more young people with work experience. Part-time departments should be expanded.

6. The existence of part-time departments is absolutely unjustified. The combining of studies and work means extreme physical and mental stress which leads to shortcomings in work and in studies.

a). Introducing your point of view expressing agreement say: To my mind; In my opinion; It seems to me that; As I see the problem; I quite agree with you; It goes without.

b). Expressing disagreement say: On the contrary; I don’t quite understand what you mean; I disagree with you on this point; I can’t quite agree with you.

c). Making yourself understood say: I mean to say that; You haven’t quite caught my meaning; In other words; Do you follow me?

d). Bringing the discussion back to the point say: Let’s keep to the point; Don’t go into details; You are getting away from the point.

e). Winding up the talk say: To sum up; In short.

f). Summarizing the discussion say: I’d (would) like to say; In conclusion let me say that; on the whole.

Answer the questions concerning your future career. You may need the words given in brackets:

1. What kind of work are you interested in?

(well paid / responsible / prestigious / interesting / challenging / demanding / quiet; in a large and famous company / in a small business; in an industry which has a future.)

2. What position would you like to have?

(to manage people – manager; to work for someone else – an employee; to be your own boss – self employed – businessman; to be responsible for everything – top manager; to work for the state – state employee.)

Speak on your future profession according to the most important points from the text “My speciality Engineering” and the following questions:

1. What is your future profession?

2. Who/what helped in your choice of your future profession?

3. How do you see your future profession?

4. What kind of work are you interested in?

5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of an engineer’s job?

6. What is your idea of a good job?

7. What qualities are required to become a good specialist in any job?

8. What attracts you in your future profession?

9. Why is it necessary to have high professional skills?

10. What special subjects do students study?

11. Where do the graduates work?

12. How difficult is it to find a good work in your field?