2.Read the word combinations, give their Russian equivalents and memorize them

Environmental pollution, ecological problem, to cause damage, combustion processes, exhaust gases, poisonous substances, chemical and thermal waste, sea – and river going ships, land pollution, rubbish heaps, acid rains, balance of nature, species of animals, ecological disaster, radioactive substances, government environmental protection agencies, to set standards, ecologically poor regions, nuclear explosions, to preserve the environment.

3.Read the following sentences with new words and put all kinds of questions to them

1.The protection of the environment is our common duty.

2.Environmental problems are very acute in densely populated areas.

3.Some rare species of animals, birds, fish disappear for ever.

4.Sea ships often pollute sea with oil products

5.Pollutants are harmful to people’s health.

6.Environmental protection agencies are responsible for control of all sources of pollution.

7.Transport is a major source of environmental pollution.

8.Belarus faces a lot of acute, ecological problems.

9.Pollution must be controlled by the state.

10.Greenpeace is doing much to preserve the environment.

4.Insert the suitable word from the active vocabulary:

1.Thousands of industrial plants …………. their wastes into rivers.

2. Exhaust gases which come from automobiles contain ……….

3. Environmental pollution ……….. global warming.

4.Many kinds of wastes can be ………

5.Air pollution ……… animals, birds and people.

6.We must stop …….. of our water – ways.

7.Land pollution results from the dumping wastes on ……..

8.The ozone layer ……. the earth from dangerous light of the Sun.

9.Environment is not able of absorbing …….. the economy throws into it.

10.Most of air pollution results from …………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………

combustion, processes, recycled, the contamination, dump, poisonous substances, causes, harms, protects, the terrain, the rubbish.

5. Make up sentences :

1.Pollutants, not only, harmful but to, to be, buildings, as well, people’s health.

2. A great area, became, with, of the Belarusian territory, contaminated, radioactive substances.

3. To be worried, all over the world, by, people, the ecological problems.

4. Disastrous processes, environmental pollution, many, to cause.

12. 5. Thermal power stations, to be, sources, the, main, automobiles, industrial plants, of pollution, and.

13. 6. Affect, may, the climate, also, air pollutants.

14. 7. 50% of hydrocarbon emissions, to come from, in the US, industrial sources.

15. 8. To face, ecological problems, a lot of, Belarus, acute

16. 9. For consumption, 30%, to be not valid, of the Belarusian territory, from, the agricultural production.

17. 10. Huge, dump, amounts of wastes, industries, every year, into water.

READ. THINK. ANALYZE. TRANSLATE. ANSWER QUESTIONS.

Environmental pollution

People all over the world are worried by the ecological problems Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing humanity today because it causes global warming, destruction of the ozone layer and other disastrous processes.

What is the pollution of the environment? Pollution consists of contamination the environment with wastes that are not recycled. The environment consists of the air, water, and the land around us.

Thousands of smoky industrial enterprises all over the world pollute the air we breath, the water we drink, the land we live in. In the process of production and consumption different wastes are dumped into the atmosphere. They make the atmosphere a less hospitable habitat for animal life, they cause damage to plant life, and they are harmful for human beings.

The main sources of air pollutant are automobiles and stationary combustion processes such as those used in generating electric power. Cars and factories pollute the air we use. Every car consumes many tons of air. Its exhaust gases contain poisonous substances which make difficult the emission of the earth’s heat into space. Air pollution also destroys the ozone layer which protects the earth from dangerous light of the Sun.

Water pollution is another important problem. The contamination of water ways comes from many sources: chemical waste from factories, thermal waste from power stations, domestic waste from cities and towns. Sea- and river- going ships often pollute sea and river water with various oil products which create problems of contamination in various types of fish.

Land pollution results from the dumping of a wide variety of wastes on the terrain. Old cars, refrigerators, other machinery and appliances that are retired from use, rubbish heaps are collected and accumulated. Environment is not able of absorbing the rubbish the economy throws into it. Our forests are dying from acid rains. This, in turn, affects the balance of nature. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever.

The most horrible ecological disaster was the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986. As a result of it about 18 percent of the territory of Belarus were polluted with radioactive substances. A great damage has been done to the republic’s agriculture, forests and people’s health.

The protection of the environment is our common duty. What can be done about pollution?

Pollution must be controlled by the state. Government environmental protection agencies have been set up in many countries. These agencies set standards for such polluters as automobiles, power plants and steel mills. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss questions of ecologically poor regions. Questions have been raised also as to whether the oceans should be used for the dumping of nuclear wastes and for undersea nuclear explosions. A great majority of people join all sorts of “GREEN” movements and ecological parties. The international organization “Greenpeace” is also doing much to preserve the environment. We must learn to carefully use the environment and protect nature, because we must preserve the civilization, and leave for the generations fresh air, pure water, national parks and preserves.