30) What is climax in a literary work?

Climax-is the Greek word for ladder. A climax makes us feel as if we have climbed to the top of a conflict. The moment of recognition is usually a major climax. It is the release of tension. Although drama contains moments of many kinds of recognition, there is usually one key moment somewhere in the middle of the play, when the agent- protagonist sees, or believes he sees, the true nature of his situation. The climax is the high point of the story, where a culmination of events create the peak of the conflict. The climax usually features the most conflict and struggle, and usually reveals any secrets or missing points in the story. Alternatively, an anti-climax may occur, in which an expectedly difficult event is revealed to be incredibly easy or of paltry importance. Critics may also label the falling action as an anti-climax, or anti-climactic. The climax isn't always the most important scene in a story. In many stories, it is the last sentence, with no successive falling action or resolution.

31) Optional elements of plot.

Prologue is preface, an introduction to the literary work, not related to the developing events, but anticipating the story. Epilogue is afterword, opinion, some information about the fate of the characters after the depicted events. Peripetieia is reversal of fortune. Anagnorisis: A revelation, or a moment of self-discovery. Deus ex Machina: the crane by which gods flew in as saviors at the end of a Greek play. The term is used nowadays to refer to a device at the end of a play in which characters are saved or problems are resolved. Hamartia: a character’s flaw. Hubris: an act of arrogance, where a character oversteps the mark. Usually followed automatically by nemesis. Nemesis: Goddess of retribution/ воздаяние, возмездие, кара, наказание, расплата/; also refers to someone who avenges or punishes. Stychomythia: a technique of quickfire dialogue.

32) The types of plot.

Concentric plot = cause-and-effect relations. This is a better example of a plot because it shows one event (the king's death) being the cause of the next event (the queen's death). The plot draws the reader into the character's lives and helps the reader understand the choices that the characters make. Chronicle plot= chronological sequence This is a bad example of plot. Why? Well, there are two events - one followed by the other. But there is no tie between the two events. Mixture of two types of plot.

33) Frame and frame elements of a literary work

Title/Subtitle/Epigraph/Devotion/introduction

34) What is the definition of language in Literary Study?

Literary Study is the science that studies the specificity, genesis and development of verbal - artistic creativity, explores the ideological and aesthetic values and the structure of literary works, as well as social and historical laws of the literary process of the past and present. The subject of Literary Study is a set of literary phenomena; their diversity can be understood and ordered by the concept of classification. Literary Study unites the elements of a science and art. Being a scholar, literary critic does not cease to be a reader, literary knowledge is objective and subjective at the same time.