- •1) What are the main purposes and objectives of the course “Introduction to Literary Study”?
- •2) What studies discipline "Literary Study"?
- •3) What are the components of literary phenomenon?
- •4) What are the supportive disciplines to Literary Study?
- •5) The main disciplines of Literary Study, their fields of study.
- •6) What is the specificity of literary creative process as a particular kind of spiritual activity of a man?
- •7) Specificity of literature as an art form.
- •8) Artistic literature as a form of social consciousness.
- •9) What is the subject of art? The main purpose of art, kinds of arts.
- •10) The basic functions of artistic literature.
- •11) Beautiful is the central category of aesthetics, its connection with literature.
- •12) What is literary artistic work? Form and content of a literary work.
- •13) What are the elements of composition of a literary work?
- •14) What is pathos of a literary work?
- •15) What is a literary personage? Give the general characteristics to psychologism, portrait, landscape, things, time and space.
- •16) What is image? The main components of image. The types of images.
- •17) Prototype. Methods of imagination.
- •18) The figurative and expressive methods of imagination: accentuation and combining.
- •19) The artistic image /character/type. Give characteristics.
- •20) What is an artistic detail? Types of details.
- •21) Character and personage in a literary work. The differences.
- •22) Literary analysis of artistic image.
- •23) What is theme of a literary work?
- •24) What is motif of a literary work? Types of motifs.
- •25) The variety of themes. Types of themes.
- •26) What is the main idea in a literary work?
- •27) What is the problem in a literary work?
- •28) Conceptions about sujet and fabula.
- •29) What is linear plot? (Freytag's pyramid, its main components.)
- •30) What is climax in a literary work?
- •31) Optional elements of plot.
- •32) The types of plot.
- •33) Frame and frame elements of a literary work
- •34) What is the definition of language in Literary Study?
- •35) What is Poetic language?
- •36) What are the resources of poetic language?
- •37) Morphological variations of words in the language of a literary work.
- •38) Tropes or figures of speech in the language of a literary work.
- •39) Aristic speech, its characteristics. Composition of aritstic speech.
- •40) The speech of author and the speech of personage (speaking man).
- •41) The definitions of poetry and prose. The similarities and differences.
- •42) What is the system of versification? General definition. The main types of versification.
- •43) Literature and folklore. The differences.
- •44) What is the literary process? Definition of term.
- •45) What studies comparative literary study?
- •47) What is World literature? Give the definition.
- •48) What are the literary interactions? Give your examples.
- •49) The definition of Literary tradition. Give your example.
- •50) Literary innovations. Give your examples.
- •51) The main stages of literary development.
- •52) Give characteristics of ancient stage in the literary process.
- •53) What are the main characteristics of Renaissance literature?
- •54) What are the main characteristics of Baroque stage in the development of literature?
- •55) What are the main characteristics of Enlightenment stage in the development of literature?
- •56) What are the main characteristics of the XIX-xXcc. Realism stage in the development of literature?
- •57) The conception of artistic method.
52) Give characteristics of ancient stage in the literary process.
Art and culture of the ancient world peoples (as usual Hellenistic states) distinguishes by the common ideal of beauty and practicability (utility), common ideals, themes, motives and artistic forms. Antique art formed the ancient artistic tradition that had a big influence on the formation and development of future art.
53) What are the main characteristics of Renaissance literature?
Renaissance is epoch in ideological and cultural development of some European and East countries. The main distinguished features of Renaissance culture are: secular character, humanistic world views, appeal to antique classical cultural inheritance, it is some kind of re-birth. The culture of Renaissance has specific particularities of transitional epoch from the Middle Ages to the New Time where the old and new features intertwining formed the new style. The important significance of epoch most vividly appeared in architecture and education, art and literature. For the humanists there were common features that are – longing for realistic understanding of the world and man, faith in creative possibilities and the power of Reason, assertion of beauty and harmony of reality, appeal to the man as the highest creature of the world, the understating about the strict laws of world creation.
54) What are the main characteristics of Baroque stage in the development of literature?
Baroque (from the Portugal baroca - a pearl of improper form ) – is a cultural historical epoch, the main style of epoch, the set of stylish trends of transitional period between Renaissance and Enlightenment, that was an epoch of counter- Reformation. Baroque is the synthesis of two cultures, the crisis of feudalism and the beginning of capitalism, Renaissance and Enlightenment. Art and literature of that period was built on the example of oxymoron that connected something that was impossible to connect. In Baroque there is mixture of sensuality and spiritualism, ascetics and hedonism, symbolic and concrete, simple and complicated features. Baroque longed to sensual and tense intellectualism, sudden and amazing imagination combination of ideas, images and representations. Exaltation, affection, refinement, demonism are the features of this style. As well as dynamics, picturesqueness, decoration, ornamentalism, theatricality, passion to extraordinary details, comparisons, metaphors, hyperbolas. Literature of Baroque was distinguished by passion to encyclopedic intellect, by absorption of non-literary material, mostly by amazing rarity and exotic features, appeals to various non-European traditions, acknowledging and re-working its artistic devices and synthesizing the historical particularities of national styles.
55) What are the main characteristics of Enlightenment stage in the development of literature?
Enlightenment is cultural historical epoch, that follows the Renaissance, the social historical way of ideological and artistic thinking of XVIII-XIX centuries, based on the idea of the drastic role of Reason in science in understanding of ‘natural order’, that is coincide with real nature of a man and society. Ignorance, obscurantism, religious fanaticism were considered as the reasons of human disasters; enlighteners were against feudal – absolutist regime, they wanted political freedom, civil equality. The main representatives of enlightenment are John Lock, Voltaire, Collins, Russo, Didro, Helvetia, Lessing, Gete, Jefferson, Franklin, Radizhev. The ideas of Enlightenment were influential for the development of social thinking. At the same time, in XIX- XX centuries the ideology of Enlightenment was attacked with critique for idealization of human nature, optimistic understanding of progress as stable development of society on the base of enhancement of human mind. In wide sense, enlighteners were called for the outstanding spreading of scientific knowledge enlighten by their aesthetical ideals.