47) What is World literature? Give the definition.

World literature is sometimes used to refer to the sum total of the world’s national literatures, but usually it refers to the circulation of works into the wider world beyond their country of origin. Often used in the past primarily for masterpieces of Western European literature, world literature today is increasingly seen in global context. Readers today have access to an unprecedented range of works from around the world in excellent translations, and since the mid-1990s a lively debate has grown up concerning both the aesthetic and the political values and limitations of an emphasis on global processes over national traditions.

48) What are the literary interactions? Give your examples.

In a literary process there are various (contact, genetic, typological) types of connections between literary phenomena and other types of art, that are expressed in the form of reception that is named as literary interactions. In the result of contact-typological inter-literary connections, their interactions and interpenetrations – that is the process of mutual perception and convergence of literary phenomena of various types of literature and literary works there is mutual enrichment of literatures.

49) The definition of Literary tradition. Give your example.

Whatever stories the wolves tell, they do not tell to human ears, and the songs of the earliest hunter-gatherers in the Great Plains are now lost to memory. Nonetheless, the extant literatures of the Great Plains are plentiful, rich, and diverse.

The tradition began with the oral literatures of the many Native nations who have lived in the area and with the folktales and dramas of the early European and mixed-blood peoples. The first written literature to come from the Plains was the utilitarian recording of tribal histories as winter counts and the diaries and letters from early European American explorers. In most people's minds, Plains literature is probably associated with the Wild West and with tales that pit humans against a vast and harsh environment or "cowboys" against "Indians," and certainly literature of this sort has been both extremely popular and influential in forming the American self-identity.

50) Literary innovations. Give your examples.

Is the drastic reconstruction or the principal break of tradition, renewal of content (ideas, themes, problems, pathos) and form (system of images, descriptive - expressive means); the discovery of a new way in literature. Innovation may also suggest the change of understanding of the boundaries and possibilities of art. The development of literature is going in interrelation of innovations and traditions.

51) The main stages of literary development.

Antique (ancient) literature is the early mythological – authoritarian stages of historical development. But in ancient poetry there is appearance of spontaneous – humanistic motives. Mythological authoritarian antique stage of literature development was changed by state and religious –orientated literature of the Middle Ages, and then there was the development of humanistic literature of the late Middle Age, Renaissance.