42) What is the system of versification? General definition. The main types of versification.

Versification, art of making verses, or the theory of the phonetic structure of verse. This theory considers the phonetic characteristics of verse both as absolute elements and as relative to the other, nonphonetic elements of verse. Theoretically, any phonetic characteristics of a language, such as the number of syllables in an utterance, the degrees of energy or lengths of time taken to utter them, or even their pitch, may be organized into an orderly and symmetrical pattern. The study of versification in the poetry of different languages and periods must take account of these possibilities.

43) Literature and folklore. The differences.

Literature is a kind of arts that re-create imaginative, sensitive, subjective picture of the world. It is reflection of life with the help of words; it is an artistic method of comprehension of a man and the surrounding reality, it is the art of written and oral word, including folklore, in other words it is the complex of different kinds and forms of verbal creation, existing in the oral form and created by collective of authors, this is an art of a sounding word. The particularities of oral verbal creation, folklore are collective form of creation, spreading, and the oral form of existence, the variety of variants of one text, traditional set of artistic devices, the orientation on one common human ideal, the original character of performance, transference of folklore from one generation in another.

44) What is the literary process? Definition of term.

Historical development and functioning of world literature in general and national literatures in particularity, their connection, interrelation and interchange of traditions name as a literary process. Beginning with the period of Enlightenment, the world literary process was submitted to the collisions and changes of literary trends. The world literary process is differentiated, by other words is divided on national literatures, literatures of cultural – historical epochs, historical communities and other parts, stages, levels, and at the same time it is a set of special parts, levels, sub-systems, and their integration. Differentiated literature (дифференцированная лит-ра) is a developed national literature with divided poetry and prose, with multi- genres system of literary phenomena, that passes multi - phase way of historical development.

45) What studies comparative literary study?

Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the literature of two or more different linguistic, cultural or nation groups. While most frequently practiced with works of different languages, comparative literature may also be performed on works of the same language if the works originate from different nations or cultures among which that language is spoken. Also included in the range of inquiry are comparisons of different types of art; for example, a relationship of film to literature.

46) Stages\epochs\periods of the literary process. The main characteristics.

Through a dominating way of public art thinking and dominating esthetic ideal it is possible to allocate mythological, authoritative, humanistic, enlightenmental, specific historical, decadent, neo-mythological stages of world literary process;

it is possible to allocate cultural-historical and literary-style epochs of the Renaissance, baroque, Enlightenment, rococo, empire; it is possible to define periods in literary movements, trends, genre - style particularities, literary groups. Periodization is an external and relative division of time of a process into its certain periods - years, decades, centuries, and millennia - stages, formations, epochs, eras, stages, and the periods.