VII. Прочтите и переведите предложения:

1. On physical examination the liver was considered to be enlarged. 2. The damage to the blood supply was supposed to have been present before the operation. 3. Both mental and physical overstrain have been estimated to affect the normal function of the heart in the most unfavorable way. 4. Exacerbation of duodenal ulcers is known to occur in spring and autumn.

VIII. Переделайте предложения, используя сложное подлежащее:

1. It was stated that the patient had developed anemia after profuse bleeding caused by perforated ulcer. 2. It was reported that the patient had been suffering from the digestion disturbances for several years. 3. It is known that spring and autumn are those seasons when the patients with ulcer suffer from the recurrence of the disease. 4. It is considered that constant fatigue, the lesions of the nervous system and past diseases contribute to the onset of gastritis. 5. It appeared that the characteristic manifestations of the disease were haemorrhage, vomiting and nausea.

IX. Прочтите текст а: Text a. Antisocial personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is one of the most violent and aggressive of the various personality disorders. Also known as psychopathic or sociopathic disorder APD describes a complete disregard for the rights, feelings, or safety of others. The terms sociopath and psychopath are both used to describe someone with APD.

APD appears in 3.6 percent of the adult US population or approximately 7.6 million people. The condition appears to be more common in men than women although this may be because the male sociopath is more likely to receive a diagnosis.

The terms sociopath and psychopath are often used interchangeably when discussing APD. According to Merriam-Webster, a sociopath is “a sociopathic individual” ( a person with an asocial or antisocial personality), and a psychopath is “mentally ill or unstable individual; especially one having an antisocial personality”.

The exact causes of APD are unknown, although researchers have some clues. Genetics may play a role in whether a person becomes a psychopath as the children of parents with APD appear to be more at tisk for the disorder. However, whether this suggests an environmental or genetic cause is unclear. Sociopaths often have histories of childhood abuse. Many have parents who abused alcohol or other substances. None of these possible causes, however, can explain the development of all sociopaths.

Central to APD is a disregard to the rights of others and a willingness to violate those rights. APD does not so much have symptoms as a set of characteristics and tendencies. A psychopath may:

- engage in violent acts and fights

- feel no guilt or remorse for his or her actions

- have no concern for individual safety or the safety of others

- lie or deceive consistently

- regularly break the law

- steal

Sociopaths are often angry and their self-interest makes many of the arrogant. Despite this, some people with antisocial behavior disorder can appear charming. This charm is not sincere, however, the psychopath simply uses charm as a tool to manipulate people to achieve his or her own ends.

Psychopaths perceive themselves as different from the general population but they don’t believe this as a problem. The sociopath views himself as superior to other people.

APD is not as difficult to diagnose as some personality disorders but for a sociopath to willingly seek out treatment is highly unlikely. Many cases of APD only come to medical attention when the person seeks medical attention by a court of law. In such cases the psychopath can be expected to resist both diagnosis and treatment.

X. Найдите в тексте все отрицательные предложения, переведите их:

XI. Найдите в тексте прилагательные и наречия в сравнительной и превосходной степени, переведите их:

XII. Найдите в тексте все предложения со сложным подлежащим, переведите их:

XIII. Переведите текст А:

TASKS

I. Read and translate the following word combinations:

самое сильное и агрессивное нарушение; полное пренебрежение к правам, чувствам и безопасности других; приблизительно у 3.6% взрослого населения; использовать взаимозаменяемо; психически больной и неустойчивый индивид; точные причины; объяснить появление социопатов; не чувствовать вины и раскаяния; экологические и генетические причины; лгать и обманывать; нарушать закон и воровать; делать кого-либо высокомерным; казаться обоятельным; быть не искренним; орудие для манипулирования людьми; считать себя совершенством; сопротивляться лечению