VI. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:

particular events, to provoke stress, whole range of situations, to release into the bloodstream, heart rate, breathing rate, blood vessels, blood flow, to improve vision, to cool the body, to enhance a person’s ability, during emergency situations, to return to the normal state, to experience stress

VII. А). Найдите в словаре перевод следующих глаголов с послелогами:

to turn on, to turn off, to wear out, to take out, to flare up, to speed up, to stand by, to pump out

в). Заполните пропуски одним из этих глаголов:

1. Some hormones … heart rate and breathing rate.

2. The nervous system returns to its normal state and … to respond again when

needed.

3. Long-term stress can … the body’s reserves.

4. Stress response can cause problems when it overacts and can’t … .

5. Some people become angry and … their stress on others.

6. The symptoms of the illness can … under an overload of stress.

VIII. Подберите подходящее существительное к каждому глаголу:

1. to provoke a. vision

2. to speed up b. problems

3. to improve c. immune system

4. to produce d. glucose

5. to release e. the body’s reserves

6. to increase f. hormones

7. to cool g. disorders

8. to cause h. body’s energy

9. to wear out i. stress

10. to weaken j. the body

11. to develop k. heart rate

IX. Переведите предложения, используя инфинитив цели:

1. It takes me half an hour to get to the university.

2. To translate this text you can use dictionaries.

3. To pass exams successfully students should study well during the whole term.

4. Eat well to help your body function well.

5. What can we do to avoid stress?

6. To have a sense of calm it’s necessary to learn to relax.

7. The human body should be ready to meet an emergency situation.

X. Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на глагол to fail:

1. The researcher failed to draw any conclusion from his numerous experiments. 2. The X-ray examination failed to prove the consolidation in the lung. 3. Nobody failed the examination in Physiology. 4. Sometimes in a man with impaired health phagocytes fail to destroy the invading microorganisms. 5. He fail in Biochemistry as he had not paid enough attention to this subject.

XI. Прочтите и переведите текст а: Text a. What is stress

Stress is a feeling that is created when we react to particular events. The events that provoke stress are called stressors and they cover a whole range of situations. The human body responds to stressors by activating the nervous system and specific hormones. The hypothalamus signals the adrenal glands to produce more of the hormones adrenaline and cortisol and release them into the bloodstream. These hormones speed up heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. Blood vessels open wider to let more blood flow to large muscle groups, putting our muscles on alert. Pupils dilate to improve vision. The liver releases some of its stored glucose to increase the body’s energy. And sweat is produced to cool the body. All of these physical changes prepare a person to react quickly and effectively to handle the pressure of the moment.

This natural reaction is known as the stress response. Working properly the body’s stress response enhances a person’s ability to perform well under pressure. But the stress response can also cause problems when it overreacts or fails to turn off and reset itself properly.

The stress response (also called the fight and flight response) is critical during emergency situations such as when a driver has to slam on the brakes to avoid the accident. The nervous system quickly returns to its normal state standing by to respond again when needed.

But stress doesn’t always happen in response to things that are immediate or that are over quickly. Long-term events, like coping with a divorce or moving to a new neighbourhood or school, can cause stress too. Long-term stressful situations can produce a lasting, low-level stress that’s hard on people. The nervous system senses continued pressure and may remain slightly activated and continue to pump out extra stress hormones over an extended period. This can wear out the body’s reserves. leave a person feeling depleted or overwhelmed, weaken the body’s immune system, and cause other problems. So enough stress can be a good thing, stress overload is a different story – too much stress isn’t good for anyone.

Everyone experiences stress a little differently. Some people become angry and act out their stress or take it out on others. Some people internalize it and develop eating disorders or substance abuse problems. And some people who have a chronic illness may find that the symptoms of their illness flare up under an overload of stress.

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