VIII. Прочтите и переведите предложения с отрицательным местоимением и его производными:

1. The doctor has observed no changes in the patient’s condition.

2. No human being can live without oxygen.

3. No article has been published on this subject yet.

4. I have found no new words in this text.

5. There is no difference between these two ideas.

6. Nothing can be done to overcome this problem.

7. Nothing special has been shown by this experiment.

8. Nobody could answer this question.

9. He was helped by nobody.

10. I could find him nowhere.

IX. Прочтите следующие слова, запомните их произношение и дайте русские эквиваленты:

emotion [I’mouSqn], situation [,sitju’eiSqn], initiate [I’niSiit], accompany [q’kAmpqni], stimulate [‘stimjuleit], category [‘kqetqgqri], cultural [‘kAlCirql], association [q,sousi’eiSqn], alternatively [ql’tWnitqvli], spectrum [‘spektrqm], model [‘moudql], discussion [dis’kASqn], surprise [sqp’rQiz], episode [‘epizoud], disposition [,dispq’ziSqn], theory [‘Tiqri], phenomenon [fi’nOminqn] (pl phenomena [fi’nOminq] )

X. Выучите новые слова и словосочетания:

will – воля

at will - по желанию

perception [pW’sepSqn] – восприятие, ощущение

to accompany [q’kAmpqni] - сопровождать

activity [qk’tiviti] – деятельность, активность

to divide [di’vQid] – делить, разделять

to exist [ig’zist] - существовать

existence [ig’zistqns] - существование

in this respect [ris’pekt] – в этом отношении

to occur [q’kW] – случаться, встречаться, происходить

similar [‘similq] – подобный, похожий

primary [‘praimqri] – первичный, основной

means [mJnz] – средства, способы

to distinguish [dis’tiNgwiS] – различать, отличать

distinction [dis’tinkSqn] – различие, отличие

to concern [kqn’sWn] – касаться, иметь отношение

proper [‘prOpq] – правильный, должный, точный

to compare [kqm’pFq] - сравнивать

comparable [kqm’pFqrqbl] - сравнимый

trait – черта (характера, лица)

to dispose [dis’pouz] – располагать, размещать

disposition - предрасположенность, склонность

irritation [,iri’teiSqn] - раздражение

pleasure [‘pleZq] - удовольствие

hunger [‘hANgq] - голод

curiosity [,kjuri’Ositi] - любопытство

mood - настроение

XI. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

a person’s response, to come at will, certain perceptions, to accompany the activities, the existence of emotions, to regard in this respect, to occur due to smth, human emotional experience, available views, means of distinguishing emotions, occurrence in time, to concern a certain object, dispositions and character traits, an irritable person, affective states, pleasure and mood

XII. Прочтите и переведите текст а: Text a. Classification of emotions

An emotion is a person’s response to a situation in which he finds himself. Emotions do not come at will, they are always initiated by certain perceptions and accompany the activities which are stimulated by situation.

Emotions have been divided into basic and complex categories where some emotions are basic to the existence of others. In this respect complex emotions have been regarded as developing upon basic emotions. Such development may occur due to cultural conditioning or association. Alternatively, similar to the way primary colors combine, primary emotions can blend together to form the full spectrum of human emotional experience. in general, discussion has been centered on which emotions must be considered foundational. Combined views are also available.

Another important means of distinguishing emotions concerns their occurrence in time. Some emotions occur over a period of seconds (e.g. surprise) where others can last for years (e.g. love). The latter has been regarded as a long-term tendency to have an emotion concerning a certain object rather than an emotion proper.

A distinction is then made between emotion episodes and emotional dispositions. Dispositions are also comparable to character traits where we can say that someone is generally disposed to experience certain emotions, though about different objects. For example, the irritable person is generally disposed to feel irritation more easily and quickly than others.

Finally some theories place emotions within a more general category of “affective states”. Affective states can also include emotion related phenomena such as pleasure or pain, motivational states such as hunger or curiosity, moods dispositions and traits.

TASKS