IX. Прочтите и переведите текст а: Text a. I. P. Pavlov

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in Ryazan. When he was a very little boy he helped his father on his farm. His father taught him to read books.

In 1870 Pavlov entered Petersburg University to study natural sciences. Soon he decided to become a physiologist himself. In 1890 he began to lecture on physiology in the Military Academy. Many of Pavlov’s ideas were new to the students and he was a very popular lecturer. His lectures were very simple and clear. He did not use notes since his memory was wonderful. He allowed students to interrupt him and answered their questions.

Pavlov studied the work of the digestive system. He made many experiments on dogs. He had to make operations on dogs and as he loved animals he treated them with great kindness and they showed no fear of him. Pavlov never operated unless it was really necessary and he always used anaesthetics. He was a very skillful surgeon and the dogs generally recovered very quickly. Pavlov made great contribution to medical science. He was given a new laboratory near Petersburg. Large sums of money were spent on his laboratory. Though he was an old man of seventy-four he worked nine or ten hours a day.

Pavlov died on February 27, 1936 at the age of eighty-six. A few years before his death he addressed the youth of the country: “The first important thing is to be systemic in your work … Never pass on to the next stage until you have finished the previous one. Never try to hide the defects in your knowledge. The second important thing is modesty. Never imagine that you know everything. The third thing that is necessary is enthusiasm. Remember that science demands of a man his whole life …”

I. P. Pavlov devoted 35 years of his life to research of the physiology of the central nervous system. His work had a great influence on medicine, biology and philosophy. His work led to the establishment of psychology as a real science instead of speculation about the mind and emotions. For his study Pavlov received the Nobel Prize in 1904.

TASKS

I. Find all negative sentences in text a:

II. Find the odd word in each line:

1. demand 2. physiologist 3. ability 4. taught 5. hard 6. image 7. interrupt

enter scientist really allow modest fear wonderful

recovery surgeon generally began previous recover popular

decide influence gladly tried devote kindness digestive

III. Choose the variants corresponding to text a from the given ones:

1. When Pavlov was a little boy he helped his father …

a. at the chemist’s shop b. on his farm c. in the ward d. at the library

2. Many Pavlov’s ideas were new to the students and he was a very popular …

a. physiologist b. lecturer c. surgeon d. biologist

3. He allowed … to interrupt him and answered the questions.

a. his wife b. physiologists c. his father d. his students

4. As he loved dogs he … them with great kindness.

a. studied b. helped c. treated d. feed

5. He studied the work of … .

a. the respiratory b. the cardio-vascular system c. the digestive system

d. famous scientists

6. Pavlov made great contribution to … .

a. medical science b. surgery c. Petersburg University d. biology

7. Never try to hide the defects in your … .

a. memory b. education c. behaviour d. knowledge