III. Translate the following sentences:

1. Именно головной мозг является центром системы связи.

2. Именно мозг отправляет приказы по нервным волокнам к различным частям тела.

3. Именно продолговатый мозг управляет такими функциями как дыхание и

сердцебиение.

4. Именно гипоталамус контролирует кровяное давление.

5. Именно мозжечок заставляет мышцы работать.

IV. Combine the part from A with the part from B to make up sentences:

A 1. The brain is … 2. The medulla is … 3. The nose is … 4. The cerebrum is … 5. The cerebellum is … 6. The motor cortex is … 7. The hypothalamus is … 8. The stimuli … 9. The tongue is …

B the organ of taste. the centre which makes the muscles work. the centre of wide system of communication. connected with breathing and heartbeat. come to the brain from our eyes, ears and other sense organs. the organ of smell. the part controlling body movements. the part controlling blood pressure. the part for thought, memory and feeling.

V. Express your agreement or disagreement with the following statements:

1. The most complicated mechanism which has ever been constructed is the heart.

2. The cranial cavity is the biggest cavity in the human body.

3. The brain is divided into three parts: the medulla, the forebrain and the cerebellum.

4. A constant flow of stimuli comes into the brain through the skin.

5. Eyes, ears, the tongue, the nose are the sense organs.

6. The tongue is the organ of smell.

7. The medulla makes the muscles work as a team.

8. The cerebrum is the part controlling vision and hearing.

9. Hypothalamus controlling blood pressure becomes tired very rapidly.

VI. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the brain?

2. Where is the brain located?

3. How many parts is the brain divided into? Name these parts.

4. What is the human brain weight?

5. How many cells does it consist of?

6. How are these cells connected to each other?

7. What sense organs can you name?

8. What do different parts of the brain (the medulla, the cerebrum, the cerebellum)

control?

9. What can you say about hypothalamus?

VI. Learn the following words to text b:

advantage [qd’vRntiG] - преимущество

skills - умения

bulk – основная масса, большая часть

to compare [kqm’pFq] - сравнивать

to alter [‘Lltq] – изменять(ся)

VII. Read the text b and answer the questions:

1. Do bilingual or monolingual people have the advantage in various abilities and

skills?

2. When is it better to learn a second language?

Text b.

People who are bilingual have an advantage over the rest of us and not only in terms of communication skills. The bilingual brain develops more densely giving it an advantage in various abilities and skills according to new research.

The brain has two types of tissue called grey and white matter. Grey matter forms the bulk of nerve cells within the brain. Studies have shown that bilingual speakers have denser grey matter compared with monolingual participants especially in areas of language, memory and attention. The difference was especially important in the brain’s left side – an area controlling language and communication skills.

The research shows that being bilingual structurally changes the brain. The effect was strongest in people who had learned a second language before the age of 5. Those who had learned English at a young age had greater proficiency in reading, writing, talking and understanding English speech.

“Our findings suggest that the structure of the human brain is altered by the experience of acquiring a second language,” write the researchers of the journal Nature.