Word Study

Ex. 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress.

'limit 'form 'object 'aspect 'person 'sphere 'status

'operate 'analyze 'social 'standard 'function 'mechanism

mo'rality ac'tivity pro'duction

‚indi'vidual ‚corpo'ration ‚civili'zation ‚distri'bution ‚regu'lator consti'tutional ad‚mini'stration

Ex. 2. Complete the list of derivatives. Use a dictionary if necessary.

Verb noun (agent) noun (concept)

to promote

to legislate legislator legislation

to operate

to distribute

to regulate

to violate

to separate

to administrate

Ex. 3. Pair the words in column with A the ones from column B.

A	B
forms set standard sphere system distribution object part violation range man-made status	of exchange of labour of law of encroachment of objectives of citizens laws of behaviour of interests of morality of relationships of rules

Ex. 4. How can you express the following ideas in one word?

1. to bear (oneself) in a socially-acceptable or polite way;

2. rightness or pureness of behaviour or of an action;

3. the control or direction of affairs, as of country or business;

4. an object to be won;

5. a guiding rule on which behaviour is based;

6. to make laws;

7. a statement of something at last;

8. the body of laws and principles according to which a country is governed;

9. a condition that determines one’s formal position;

10. the way or order of directing business in an official meeting, a law case;

11. to fight or struggle against;

12. the act or result of encroaching;

Ex. 5. Match English and Ukrainian equivalents.

to regulate the relations	установленная норма нравственного поведения
to define a set of rules	главное требование
the pattern of behaviour	устанавливать правовой статус
a standard of morality	простая сумма правил
man-made law	образец поведения
moral precepts	социальные цели
social objectives	определять формы управления
a chief claim	издавать закон против чьих-либо пороков
to influence subsequent events	объект посягательства
to fix the forms of administration	нечеткое различие
to determine the legal status	нравственные заповеди
to lay down the measures	определять набор правил
the mere sum of rules	закон, созданный человеком
a vague distinction	регулировать отношения
to legislate against one’s defects	влиять на последующие события
the object of encroachment	устанавливать меры
spheres of production	сферы производства

Ex. 6. Choose the best alternative to complete the following sentences.

1. The English word “law” refers to limits upon various / some forms of behaviour.

2. Laws prescribe how people can / ought to behave.

3. Law essentially serves two / four functions in modern society.

4. There is a vague/clear distinction between man-made law and moral precepts.

5. In a developed / feudal state the sphere in which the law operates / develops proves to be extensive.

6. Law fixes the forms of constitutional / educational system.

7. Law operates as a regulator/obstacle of distribution of labour and its products.

8. The law of a country may be analyzed as a selection / set of rules.

9. The study of legal process is the study how decisions/customs are made, who makes/fixes them.

10. Law seems/regards to exist apart from/inside man and is not even noticed/decided by him until somebody/criminal violates its orders.

11. Law is called/invited upon to defend interests/habits that have been the object/crime of encroachments.

12. Law embraces/separates all the spheres of production, distribution and exchange.

Ex. 7. Complete the following text with the words and phrases from the box.

jail in prison acquitted similar

violently punishment diet treatment statute

justice harsh brought warrant