4. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. This important problem had been solved by the end of 1985.

Эта важная проблема была решена к концу 1985.

2. Television has a great number of uses nowadays.

У телевидения сейчас большое количество применений.

3. In the next few years Russian engineers arc to complete the work on supercomputers.

В следующие несколько лет российские инженеры должны завершить работу над суперкомпьютером.

4. Do you know the meaning of this word?

Знаете ли вы значение этого слова?

5. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.

1. То develop a new submersible craft with a manipulator is not an easy task.

Разработать новые подводные суда с манипулятором - не легкая задача.

2. Experiments helped Mendeleyev to discover the properties of new chemical elements.

Эксперименты помогли Менделееву открыть свойства новых химических элементов.

3. Recently a radar lo be mounted on cars has been developed.

Недавно был разработан радар для установки на автомобилях.

4. They promised to supply us with necessary equipment.

Они пообещали доставить нам необходимое оборудование.

6. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите второй и третий абзацы.

The Fundamental Particles

1. All of the simple particles which exist in nature have been found to undergo reactions in which they are converted into or obtained from other particles or radiation. There are then no particles which can be said to be truly fundamental.

2. The electron was the first of the simple particles to be recognized, it being discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897. The proton, the nucleus of the ordinary hydrogen atom, was observed as positively charged rays in a discharge tube. The nature of the rays was not at first understood. The next very simple particle to be discovered was the positron, found in 1932. The positrons were found among the particles produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with matter. They seem to be identical with electrons except that their charge is +e instead of -e. Their span of life as free particles is very short, it being less than a microsecond (1x10^-6 sec).

3. The neutron has been discovered by the English physicist J. Chadwick, also in the year 1932. Neutrons have been found to be particles with mass only slightly larger than that of the proton, and with zero electric charge. They having no electric charge, neutrons interact with other forms of matter only very weakly, and it is accordingly hard to prove their existence by direct method. On passage through solid substances they undergo deflection only when they approach extremely closely to nuclei, that is, when they undergo direct collisions with nuclei. Neutrons and nuclei are so small, the chance of collision is very small and neutrons are accordingly able to penetrate through great thicknesses of heavy elements.