19.Find synonyms in the text, explain their differences and common features

20.Compare mobile, tower and climbing cranes, find their advantages and

disadvantages due to certain conditions of building

21.Which of these statements are correct and which ones are incorrect. Prove your opinion

1.The function of a crane is to mount on caterpillar tracks.

2. Mobile cranes take the form of a revolving structure

3. Tower cranes are employed for installation of separate elements

4. The counterweight compensates a trolley travelling along the boom.

5. Climbing cranes are intended for use of a rail-mounted tower crane.

6.Their advantages are : lightness of operation, unlimitation of height of a building, crane climbing, using for all operations.

22. Using material from all texts define kind of building equipment to these word combinations. Fill the table

Name of building equipment
Definition

The presence of moisture and heat, gage pressure, a given charge of materials, to plane off a thin layer of soil, to dragge along the surface of the ground, the desirability of extremely strong construction, to reduce the curing period, a fraction of the strength potentially available, a part-swing shovel mounted on railroad tracks, preliminary leveling the site, to pick a layer of soil up, to be highly vulnerable, to introduce at intervals, to rotate at high speed, incomplete hydration, curing and drying under cover, high-pressure steam, to dig out soil, to trench by a bucket, a blade mounted on a tractor, a cutting edge, to push a layer of soil, to carry a layer of soil where required, to be wheeled into the autoclaves, atmospheric pressure.

23. Compose a dialog on the material of your table between a constructor, a supplier of building equipment, an engineer about preparing works and working of the building machinery on the building site and house – building plants

24. Compose a dialog for three or four persons on the topic “Process of erection of any structure” including excavation, concrete curing, climbing with the help of all kinds of building equipment

25. Write a report about one of the type of building machineries and its role in fulfillment of your project grammar Revision

Exercise 1. Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past

1. Ask about the telephone. (when/invent?) …When was the telephone invented?......

2. Ask about glass. (how/make?) How

3. Ask about Australia. (when/discover?)

4. Ask about silver. (what/use for?)

5. Ask about television. (when/invent?)

Exercise 2. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using’ somebody/they/people’ etc. write a passive sentence

1. Somebody cleans the room every day. ...The room is cleaned every day.…

2. They cancelled all flights because of fog. All …

3. People don’t use this road very often.

4. Somebody accused me of stealing money. I …

5. How do people learn languages? How …

6. People advised us not to go out alone.

Exercise 3. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive (This exercise also includes the past simple)

1. There’s somebody behind us. (I think / we / follow) ….. I think we’re being followed.

2. They room looks different. (you / paint?) …Have you painted it?

3. My car has disappeared. (it / steal!) It …

4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take) Somebody …

5. Tom gets a higher salary now. (he / promote)

6. Ann can’t use her office at the moment. (it / redecorate)

7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it’s OK. (it / work / again; it / repair)

8. The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people /arrest / last night)

9. A tree was lying across the road. (it / blow down / in the storm)

10. The man next door disappeared six months ago. (nobody / see / since then)

11. I was mugged on my way home a few nights ago. (you / ever / meg?)

Exercise 4. Some of these sentences are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If the sentence is correct, put a tick (٧) If it is incorrect, cross the unnecessary have of has out of the sentence and write it in the space:

Susan has lost her keys. She can’t find them anywhere. ٧

Christopher has hurt his hand, but it’s OK now. has

1. The directors have arrived half an hour ago, but they didn’t stay long.

2. It’s raining, and Peter has left his umbrella behind, look.

3. It’s a long time since your friends last visited us.

4. None of you have called me for weeks. Aren’t we friends any more?

5. We can play tennis now. The others have finished.

6. The company has bought some land, but then it sold it.

7. The computer isn’t on now. Someone has turned it off.

8. Tessa has posted the parcel. It’s on its way to you.

9. Several bombs have gone off in the city centre. It has happened an hour ago.

10. Simon has left. He and Oliver have left after lunch.

Exercise 5. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.):

1. ‘Was Tom at the party when you arrived?’ ‘No, he …had gone… (go) home.

2. I felt very tired when I got home. so I ……………….. (go) straight to bed.

3. The house was very quiet when I got home. Every body …….. (go) to bed.

4. Sorry I’m late. The car ……………………. (break) down on my way here.

5. We were driving along the road when we ………………. (see) a car which. ………… (break) down, so we ……………………… (stop) to see if we could help.

Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. By the time you get home, you will forget everything I have told you.

2. The train will already have left by the time we come to the station.

3. By this time next week I’ll have finished my work.

4. I’ll have left home by 3 o’clock tomorrow.

5. I’m not sure if he will have the article by the 1^st of October.

Exercise 7. Translate into English using Participles

1.Мальчик, бегущий мимо дома, вдруг остановился.2. Будучи очень занят, он не сразу услышал меня.3. Услышав шаги, он поднял голову. 4. Выпив чашку чая, она почувствовала себя лучше. 5. Играя в саду, дети не заметили, что стало темно. 6. Подойдя к двери, он открыл ее. 7. Том подошел к смеющейся девочке. 8. Он положил на стол смятое письмо. 9. Плачущая девочка была голодна. 10. Бабушка смотрела на детей, играющих во дворе. 11. Она любит смотреть на играющих детей. 12. Сделав уроки, дети пошли гулять. 13. Лежа на диване, он читал книгу. 14. Принеся свои игрушки в комнату, ребенок начал играть. 15. Прочитав много книг Диккенса, он хорошо знал этого писателя.

Exercise 8. This structure is often used in instructions (sentences which tell people what to do). Put in before or after and the ing-form of the verb in brackets:

Replace the top on the bottle after taking (take) the medicine.

1. Read the contract through carefully ………….. (sign) it.

2. You shouldn’t have a bath straight …………..…. (eat) a meal.

3. ………………. (leave) home ring the airport to check that your flight is on schedule.

4. Always put your skis away carefully ………………… (use) them.

5. Be sure to switch off the electricity …………………. (change) a fuse.

6. Make sure the safety chin is on …………………. (open) the door.

Exercise 9. Ron Mason owns a supermarket business. Write the sentences for a magazine article about his life. Join two sentences into one using the words in brackets:

He saw an empty shop. He was walking around town one day. (while) He saw an empty shop while walking around town one day.

1. He thought carefully. He decided to buy it. (before) ………………….

2. He bought the shop. He had little money of his own. (despite) ……………………

3. He became successful. He gave the customers what they wanted. (by) …………………

4. He put the profit back into the business. He didn’t spend it on himself. (instead of) …………………

5. He was happy. He was running his own business. (when) …………………

6. He fell ill. He worked too hard. (as a result of) …………………

7. He has made a lot of money. He bought his first shop ten years ago. (since) ……………….

Exercise10. Translate into English using necessary tense

1. Я рад, что рассказал вам эту историю. 2. Я рад, что мне рассказали эту историю. 3. Я хочу познакомить вас с этой артисткой. 4. Я хочу, чтобы меня познакомили с этой артисткой. 5. Я рад, что встретил ее на станции. 6. Я рад, что меня встретили на этой станции. 7. Мы очень счастливы, что пригласили его на вечер. 8. Мы очень счастливы, что нас пригласили на вечер. 9. Он будет счастлив посетить эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 10.Он был счастлив, что посетил эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 11. Дети любят, когда им рассказывают сказки. 12. Я не предполагал останавливаться на этой станции. 13. Я не ожидал, что меня остановят. 14. Я сожалею, что причинил Вам столько беспокойства.