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Test 9

1. Consider the following questions and items in written form.

1. What determines the choice of the final terminal tone?

2. Explain the use of the low rising tone in the sentence:

',Sometimes I \come 'home ,early.' What other one can be used instead of the Low Rise?

3. Give examples to illustrate the relationship between the intonation group division and the meaning of the sen­tence in English and in Russian.

4. Explain the difference between the meaning of the sen­tences:

'I'll \come to your 'place to\morrow.'

I'll 'come to your \place, | to\morrow.'

5. How can you explain the difference in meaning of the following sentences?

'They 'sell /gloves, |/hats, | \ scarfs.'

They 'sell /gloves,|, hats, | /scarfs.'

6. Suppose your fellow-student pronounces both parts of the disjunctive question with the low falling tone in all the contexts. Explain to him how the difference in meaning of these questions brings about changes in terminal tones.

7. Explain to your fellow-student how to escape the possible mis­take in the pronunciation of alternative questions. Is it a phonetic or phonological mistake?

8. Dwell on different ways of the pronunciation of impera­tives including a tag question. Give examples of possible phonetic and phonological mistakes in the pronunciation of this type of questions.

9. How does the position in a sentence influence the into­nation of direct address? Give examples and use them in conversational contexts.

10. Why do you think parenthetical words and phrases do not always form intonation groups at the beginning of the sentence?

11. What terminal tones can parenthetical words and phrases be pronounced with at the beginning of the sentence? Why can they sound different?

Test 10

1. Consider the following questions and items in written form.

1. In what way are the words in a sentence made prominent?

2. How is the prominence of words realized?

3. What is the main function of sentence-stress?

4. Which is the most prominent word in a sentence?

5. What is the difference between normal and logical stresses?

6. Why is the word if stressed in the sentence: 'If you stay you'll meet him'? What do we call this kind of sentence-stress?

7. Why is the personal pronoun I stressed in the reply:

'Who has done this?—I have-'? What do we call tin's type of sentence-stress?

8. Which words are the communicative centres of the fol­lowing sentences:

The \girl has 'broken the \cup.

The ^girl has \broken the cup.

Name the intonation means which make the last stressed

words stand out.

9. Translate the following sentence into Russian: How badly he had said it. Yet he HAD said it. What is the attitude of the speaker? What are the means to convey the same idea in English and in Russian?

10. Where would you use logical stress in these sentences:

I'm not writing to your friend. Nick is my friend as well. What does logical stress express here?

11. What kind of attitude is expressed in the reply of the second speaker?

'Speak out!' said Martin, 'and speak the truth.' 'I fear this IS the truth.'

12. Give examples where the shifting of sentence-stress changes the meaning of the sentence. Use them in situa­tions.

13. Transcribe, mark stresses and tunes in the sen­tence: 'They aren't ready, are they?' Give examples where link verbs are used in their strong forms.

14. Transcribe, mark stresses and tunes in the sen­tence: 'Who will meet him at the airport?' Give exam­ples where form-words are used in their weak forms.

15. Shift the communicative centre in the following sentence: 'I wish you'd stay for a few days.' Use the phrases in your own situations.

16. Transcribe and intone the following sentence: 'I'd love to have a chat with you!" Use emphatic stress in it.

17. Transcribe and intone the following situation: 'Is he really ill?'—'It seems to him he is ill.' What intonation means will you use while reading it to make it expressive enough?

18. Why did the author italicize (the words you and I in the situation: 'You don't live here?'—'No,' I said, 'I don't. You wouldn't if I did.' (Jerome K. Jerome. "Three Men in a Boat")

19. Give examples where logical stress underlines elements of contrast.

20. 'The lady is young and pretty.'— 'She is young, but I wouldn't call her pretty." What is tile attitude of the speaker in the second sentence in which the verb is takes the logical stress?