10. Письменно ответьте на вопросы 1-4

1. What are individual consumers and corporate buyers aware of?

2. What combinations of institutions specializing in manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing usually do to maximize their profits?

3. What is an example of health care delivery used for?

4. What is the major focus of marketing channel management concentrated on?

5. What the verb «to digest» is used for in the text?

Вариант №6

1. Напишите предложения, заменив модальные глаголы – can, may, must на их эквиваленты в прошедшем времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I must send the letter today.

2. Can you swim?

3. They may go to the cinema.

2. Раскройте скобки и напишите соответствующую форму прилагательного, подчеркните прилагательное. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Today the wind is (strong) than yesterday.

2. John knows Russian (good) than you.

3. This is (long) night of the year.

4. It is one of (important) questions of our conference.

5. He made his work (quick) than you.

3. Напишите глаголы – сказуемые в Present, Past или Future Progressive Tense, обращая внимание на указатели времени, подчеркните глаголы. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. What’s the matter? She (to cry).

2. What will you (to do) at eight o’clock tomorrow?

3. I (to make) a cake when the light went out.

4. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present, Past или Future Perfect Tense, обращая внимание на указатели времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I just (to finish) my breakfast when she entered the kitchen.

2. At last he (to do) all his homework: now he will go out.

3. We hope they will (to pass) all their examinations.

5. Выберите предложения в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice) и переведите их на русский язык. Подчеркните глаголы.

1. Our compositions are corrected by the teacher at home.

2. He has published his book abroad.

3. The question was repeated by the boy.

4. Will you repeat the question, please?

5. This material is used for our work.

6. My friend can drive a lorry.

6. Раскройте скобки и напишите глаголы – сказуемые в соответствующей форме, соблюдая правила согласования времен, подчеркните глаголы. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. My friend asked me who (to play) the piano in the sitting room.

2. I want to know what he already (to buy) for her birthday.

3. He thought he (to finish) his work in a week.

4. We were sure his new picture (will be) a real masterpiece.

5. I am told she (to dance) better than anybody else.

7. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle I и Participle II.

1. A person taking a sunbath must be very careful.

2. The word pronounced by the student was not correct

8. Выберите из скобок подходящую форму причастия, подчеркните причастие.

1. The house (surrounding, surrounded) by old trees is very beautiful.

2. The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.

3. We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.

9. Письменно переведите на русский язык первый абзац текста.

The Challenge

Of Lord John Maynard Keynes

Smith’s version of the economic systems as a naturally self-organizing and self-adjusting «social mechanism» known latterly as classical or neoclassical economic doctrine ( or sometimes, more shortly and perhaps satirically, as orthodox or conventional wisdom) – was never confirmed by factual evidence as Newton’s laws of motion were; all the same, classical doctrine dominated economic thinking and national economic policy in all advanced economies for the next 150 years, and it plays a prominent role in many countries to this day. Whether right or wrong, classical theory was first seriously challenger by the great English statesman and economist Lord John Maynard Keynes, who claimed to see in the Great Depression of the 1930s evidence that the economic system was not self-adjusting, and whose followers argued that without continued government intervention the economic system would typically operate at levels of activity substantially lower than required to achieve full employment of labor and other resources. Exactly what Keynes said, or what he meant, or what he really meant, or what he really meant.

Has been hotly disputed, among economists for more than 50 years, conveying. To many non-economists the notion that economists as a group are uniquely quarrelsome and doubtfully competent. There is no merit in this notion. What is true, as the great English economist Joan Robinson once observed, is that «in a subject where there is no agreed procedure for knocking out error, doctrine has long life».

Perhaps time and further study will some day reveal whether the classical or the Keynesian conception of economic life accords more closely with experience.

Meanwhile, the great worry is that, in the absence of professional competence to make valid diagnoses, we will treat cases of economic toothache as cases of lockjaw and kill our patient: or, no less seriously, we will leave apparently minor economic lumps untreated and so, through inaction, fail to cure problems that turn out to be terminal. On a brighter note we may recall Lord Keynes’s wistful observation: «If economists could someday manage to get themselves thought of as huddle, competent people, on a level with dentists, that would he splendid»! Perhaps that time will one day come. If it does, and if prescribe cures for economic ills, they will have little reason to feel humble.

WORDS

self-organizing – самоорганизующаяся

required – требуемый

self-adjusting – саморегулирующаяся

full employment – полная занятость

latterly – недавно, в последнее время

to dispute – спорить, оспаривать

to confirm – подтверждать

notion – понятие

laws of motion – законы движения

merit – достоинство

advanced – развитой, прогрессивный

to knock out – выбросить

prominent – выдающийся

valid – действительный

evidence – свидетельство

lockjaw – столбняк

to require – требовать

apparently – по всей видимости

wistful – тоскливый