Introduction

For any sphere of human activity it is important that the terminology applied should be unambiguous. And regulation of nuclear and radiation safety is not an exception. This Glossary was developed to assist readers, including foreign ones, in finding an accurate interpretation of terms and expressions that are used in the Russian regulatory documents pertaining to nuclear and radiation safety regulation (and primarily, to the use of nuclear energy at nuclear plants).

This Glossary contains terms and definitions thereof that are used in the Russian regulatory documents associated with relations in the area of nuclear energy use. This Glossary primarily contains the terms and definitions from legislative and regulatory documents currently in force in the Russian Federation. However, if new editions of federal rules and regulations had been issued in accordance with the existing procedures for development of federal rules and regulations, then they were taken into consideration in the present Glossary. In addition to mandatory documents (such as federal laws, decrees issued by the Government of the Russian Federation, federal rules and regulations on nuclear energy use, sanitary rules and hygienic standards, codes of practice, etc.), this Glossary includes the terms applied in the safety regulations that were approved by the Russian Regulatory Authority. A full list of regulatory documents used for the compilation of the Glossary is given in Appendix A.

The below listed approaches were pursued when selecting terms from legislative acts and regulatory documents for inclusion in the present Glossary:

• consideration was not given to the regulatory documents that do not pertain to the use of nuclear energy, as well as to those regulations that have an implicit or practically zero relation to activities during nuclear energy use at nuclear plants;

• regulatory documents, requirements and/or recommendations of which are not applicable to nuclear plants, were not taken into account;

• consideration was not given to the regulatory documents that provide guidance solely on financial issues or justification of investments in nuclear plant construction, cost estimate of activities associated with design, licensing, siting, construction, operation and decommissioning of a nuclear plant, as well as compensation of damage related to the nuclear plant construction,, operation and decommissioning;

• the regulations exclusively focused on regulating preservation of state secrets were not considered;

• consideration was not given to documents that solely regulate the issues related to the nuclear plant private security;

• consideration was not given to documents that solely regulate the issues related to certification of equipment and products;

• consideration was not given to documents that solely regulate the issues related to labor protection (except for the documents containing requirements or recommendations related to radiation exposure of plant personnel and contracted staff);

• unpublished and confidential regulations were not considered.

In the Glossary, the terms and definitions are arranged alphabetically. Expressions (phrases) with the same basic term are combined into blocks under this basic term. The basic terms are printed in capital letters, while the derivative terms are right-shifted after the basic term and are printed in bold italics. Each derivative term appears in the Glossary once again at its alphabetical place, and a reference is given to its basic term under which a definition of the derivative term is available. In addition, for each term a reference source (document title) is indicated from which the text was extracted (a brief designation of the corresponding regulatory document is given, while a full document title is provided in Appendix A hereto.) A number of definitions were refined by the editor. For the terms that have corresponding terms in the IAEA Nuclear Safety Glossary, a comment is included with explanation of the differences between them. The IAEA documents used during compilation of this Glossary are also listed in Appendix A hereto.